NOTES AND STUDIES 53 A PRIMITIVE EDITION OF THE APOSTOLIC CON­ STITUTIONS AND CANONS : AN EARLY LIST OF APOSTLES AND DISCIPLES. THE following paper is an enlargement and re-statement of results first formulated in the JouRNAL for July 1912 (pp. 492-514). During the twelve months that have intervened since that publication I have devoted a good deal of time to the further study of the Verona fragment of an early Latin version of the Apostolic Constitutions and Canons to which I there called attention : the texts have been re-examined, and have now appeared in a much more complete and correct form in my Ecclesiae · Ocddentalis Monumenta Iurz"s Anti'quissima i pp. 32 a-32 nn. The introduction I propose to develope here. When I began work at the fragment I used Lagarde's edition of the Greek text of the Constitutions. It was the edition of which I had availed myself for many years for purposes of reference, and the name and deservedly honoured reputation of the editor warranted me, as I supposed, in regarding it as an adequate critical text. It was obvious at once, and I pointed it out on pp. 505-510, that Lagarde's Greek represented a very inferior text to that of the Latin fragment, while his citations of the editio princeps of Fr. Turrianus or Torres 1 (Venice 1563) shewed that in some important points the developement of the text from Turrianus to Lagarde was not for the better but for the worse. So clear was this in the list of Canonical books-the last of the Apostolic Canons-that I printed in the parallel column (pp. 513, 514) no longer the text of Lagarde, but the text of Turrianus. Meanwhile I was neglecting the most recent and fullest statement of the evidence for the Greek text of the Constitutions, which would have saved me, if I had consulted it earlier, a good many hours of painful labour. I knew of course of the existence of Funk's great edition (Didascalia et Constitutiones Apostolorum, 2 vols., Paderborn, A. D. 1905): but I supposed that it confined itself to the collocation of the printed texts of the Constitutions with their sources/ and either I did not know or had forgotten that it included a critical apparatus. In order to leave 1 ' Francisco Torres, S.J ., born r 509 at Herrera, present at the Council of Trent, died Nov. 21, 1584. Fifty-eight of his works are fully described in Sommervogel's de Backer Bibliotheque de la Compagnie de Jesus.' I owe this information to the kindness of Bodley's Librarian, Mr Falconer Madan. 2 As indeed had been the editor's intention ; p. xxiii 'sperabam harum textum me ex editionibus recentissimis repetere posse'. 54 THE JOURNAL OF THEOLOGICAL STUDIES no stone unturned, I examined it before the last stage of the re-edition of the texts for my Monumenta Iun·s; and I found at once that the answer to a good many difficult problems was in my hands. In the first place the secret of the superiority of Turrianus to Lagarde is at once revealed : for whereas Lagarde used no MS earlier than the twelfth century, Funk has utilized four Vatican MSS of the tenth and eleventh centuries, and among these four are to be found, if not all the three MSS of Turrianus, certainly two of them: Vat. 839 is Turrianus's leading MS, obtained from Crete, Vat. 2o88 is Turrianus's Sicilian MS, and I can hardly doubt that Vat. 1506 (a Grottaferrata MS) was his third or Calabrian MS from the monastery of Patiro at Rossano.1 It follows of course that, if we have Turrianus's MSS, we are independent of his edition, and a new edition with more extensive material might even be as much superior to Turrianus as Turrianus is to Lagarde. And no doubt Funk's text has superseded those of all previous editors : but that does not mean that his text is always right against Turrianus, but rather that his excellent apparatus criticus enables us to control his text. In my previous paper I pressed as the most incontest­ able indication of the superiority of Turrianus to Lagarde that the former retains far more frequently than the latter the archaic form of doxology 8t' ov uol. ... lv ay{'{) 7rVrup.an : it is a grave blot on Funk's critical methods or acumen that he systematically prefers what seems to me obviously the secondary reading. Between chapters 12 and 41 inclusive of book viii of the Const#uti'ons I have counted fourteen cases in which he prints the form p.d)' oV uot ••• Kat T<iJ ay{'{) 7rV£vp.aTt, and two in which he prints variations of the Kat • • • Ka{ form, although one of his MSS faithfully reproduces the 8uJ. ••. lv form in every one of the sixteen passages. For the most part the variation does not extend beyond the difference of P.£Ta • • • Kat on the one side as against 8uJ. lv on the other : but in the two remaining instances the variations are worth setting out in parallel columns : Funk 514· 7 (c. xii § so) Melius C>n uol. 7raua 86~a ul.f3a> Kat rilxa- ' \ \ I "' \ ptUTta TtjL'Y} Kat 7rpOUK1!117JUt>, T'{) 1!'aTpt ul.f3a> Kat rilxaptUT{a, Kat 8ta u£ Kat \ ""' ~""' \ ""' c I 1 Kat T'{) Vt'{) Kat T'{) ayt'{) 7rV£Vp.an. jL£Ta U£ aVri(> Ttp.~ Kat 7rpOUKVV'Y]Ut<; lv ay{'{) 7rV£v p.aTt. 2 1 . Funk's edition, by an unfortunate confusion, frequently prints 'Vat. 1056' for 'Vat. 1506 ', and 'Vat. 838' for 'Vat. 839 '. 2 The genuineness, in this and the following passage, of the phrase aui u• 1<al p.<Ta u•, is further borne out by the parallel in vn xliii (Funk 448. 14, 19), where the reading is undoubted, EVAo-ye't Kat 8o£li(e, T0v BEu7rUT1JV 0E0v Tlw 'travTo«p&.ropa ... ETTL ToVTots 1TpOUKvvetaVT0v T0v povo-yEvij fJEOv Jl.ET' alrrOv ~eat lh' aVT6v. Note the distinction both there and here between a6[a to the Father and 1TpoUI<VPTJUIS to the Son : and contrast Origen in Apoc. Scholion vii. NOTES AND STUDIES 55 z"b. 520. 24 (c. XV§ 9) 6n <rot M~a aivos p.£ya>..OTrpl7r£ta 6Tt <rot 86~a aivos p.eya>..o7rp€7r£ta ul{3as 7rpo<rKVVYJ<rt'>, Kat T4l u4l 7rat8t u£{3as 7rpO<rKVV1J<rt'>, Kat P,£Ta <r£ Kat 'I 1J<rov T4l Xpt<rT41 uoii T4l Kvp{l.f! 8ta <r£ T4l 7rat8t uoii 'l1J<roii T4l Kvp{l.f! ~p.wv Kat fh4l Kat {3aut>..£'i, Kat T4l ~p.wv Kat {3aut>..£'i, 8t' oil <rot ~7r­ ay{l.(! 7rV£vp.an. ocp£{>..£Tat 7rapd. 7rcL<r1J'> >..oytK~'> Kat ay{as cpv<r£W') TJ ~7rcL~to') £VXapt<rT{a ~V ay{l.(! 7rV£VjJ-aTt. The manuscript whose unique readings are here recorded in the right­ hand column is Vat. gr. r5o6, about which we have already seen that it was in all probability one of the three MSS employed by Turrianus; and no doubt the excellences of the texts of both Turrianus and Funk are in large part due to it. One would have thought that its consistent support of the archaic doxology would already have been enough to put a modern editor on the track : but anyhow, whatever excuses may be made for editors who have worked on the Constitutions hitherto, they will no longer be open to their successors. The discovery of the Latin version contained in the Verona fragment has brought conclusive testi­ mony to the unique value of this Greek MS, and the Greek text that I have printed in Eccl. Occt"d. Mon. Iur. Ant. at the foot of the page, below the transcription of the Verona Latin, as representing its original, is in all essentials the text of Vat. gr. r5o6. The following are some of the readings in which the Verona fragment and Vat. gr. rso6 agree against all previous editors (the references within brackets in the left­ hand column are to the pages and lines of Eccl. Occt"d. Mon. Iur. Ant., but the numbering of the Canons is that of Funk): Verona Ll (Eccl. Occid. Mon. Edd. Constit. Vat. gr. 1506 fur. Ant. i pp. 32 a-32 hh) viii 44 (e 18) 1TEpl TWV Kll.7]ptKWV de clericis 1TEpl TWV EV Kll.{rpqJ viii 46 (j 18) d.AA.d ICaAoVp.evos sed uocatus d.~A' 0 KaA.oVp.EIIOS (m 5) -rov Xpunov opwv Christum uidens 0 T(w XptuTOv 0/)Wv Can. i (n 5) XEtpoToveLTat ordinatur XEtPOTOVEtU9aJ v (o 6) E1TlJLEVOJV' ' perseuerans <mpivruv 6< viii (o 17) 1j Ti)v alTiav •• • /j <av aut causam •.• aut sil -rf,v alTlav ..• Edv 5f xviii (r 2) 1j TOiJ 1CaTaA6'YOV aut de collegio Tj OA.aJS -roil KaTaAO"'(OV XXV (s 1) Kvptos dns ut uid1 om xxxvi (v 12) -rt,v aVToil -yv&Jp.TJV ipsius uoluntate -r~v EavToil ')'VWP,T}V xlii (x 25) uxoll.a,ov-ra uacantem oxo}\.a,<liV xlv (y 12) <v•p-yfirrat operari 1 Evep-y1lual. Tt lvii (z 19) 1Tf1TTJPWftEVOV fracto 'JrE1TAT}'Yf'EVOV lviii (z 24) Tj EmJ.(Evwv uel si perseueret E1Ttf'EVQJV 6E lix (aa s) <flov•vs Toil a6•ll.<fl9v fratris interfe(et or) .pov•vrras TOV a3Ell..p6v 1 Dionysius Exiguus goes with the Verona fragment and Vat. gr. rsc6 in these instances. 56 THE JOURNAL OF THEOLOGICAL STUDIES Verona LI (Eccl.