
Secretariat of the CBD Technical Series No. 77 Convention on Biological Diversity ECOSYSTEM NATURAL77 CAPITAL ACCOUNTS: A Quick Start Package CBD Technical Series No. 77 ECOSYSTEM NATURAL CAPITAL ACCOUNTS: A QUICK START PACKAGE For implementing Aichi Biodiversity Target 2 on Integration of Biodiversity Values in National Accounting Systems in the context of the SEEA Experimental Ecosystem Accounts This document has been prepared in 2014 for the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (SCBD) by Jean-Louis Weber (independent consultant) ECOSYSTEM NATURAL CAPITAL ACCOUNTS: A Quick Start Package The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the copyright holders concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. This publication may be reproduced for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. The Secretariat of the Convention would appreciate receiving a copy of any publications that use this document as a source. Reuse of the figures is subject to permission from the original rights holders. Published by the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. ISBN 92-9225-537-1 (print version); ISBN 92-9225-538-X (web version) Copyright © 2014, Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity Citation: Jean-Louis Weber (2014). Ecosystem Natural Capital Accounts: A Quick Start Package, Montreal, Technical Series No. 77, Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 248 pages. For further information, contact: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity World Trade Centre, 413 Rue St. Jacques, Suite 800, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2Y 1N9 Tel: +1 (514) 288 2220 Fax: +1 (514) 288 6588 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.cbd.int/ Photo Credits: Cover photos: 1 and 2: D. Babin (db), 3 and 4: J.-L. Weber (jlw) Page 3: db, Forewords: jlw, Executive Summary: jlw, Contents: Mateusz Banski (mb), Intro: jlw, Chap 1: jlw, Chap 2: db, Chap 3: jlw, Chap 4: jlw, Chap 5: mb, Chap 6: jlw, Chap 7: jlw, Chap 8: mb, Chap 9: mb, Conclusion: jlw. Typesetting and Layout: inextremis.be (m4951) 4 ECOSYSTEM NATURAL CAPITAL ACCOUNTS: A Quick Start Package ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report was commissioned by the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and was written by Jean-Louis Weber (independent consultant) under the supervision of Didier Babin (Secretariat of the CBD). The project was supported by the Secretariat of the CBD, the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Development, the Japan Biodiversity Fund, the European Environmental Agency, and the Indian Ocean Commission. The Secretariat would like to acknowledge as well the international process of ecosystem assessment and environmental-economic accounting which has made this report feasible. In particular the inclusion in the UN System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA) of a volume on experimental ecosystem accounting has been a first important step, providing the broad conceptual framework from which tests and applications can be done. The role of the UN Statistical Commission, the UN Committee of Experts on Environmental-Economic Accounting and the UN Statistical Division has to be praised for this innovation. The Secretariat would like to express as well its recognition to those who have pioneered such accounting in countries as well as in the European Environment Agency, the Indian Ocean Commission and the Government of Mauritius whose projects have been inspiration and provided an opportunity to validate the proposed methodologies. The Secretariat wishes to duly acknowledge the consultant who prepared the final draft of the document: Jean-Louis Weber 1, Former Special Adviser to the European Environment Agency on environmental accounting, presently member of the EEA Scientific Committee and Honorary Professor at the University of Nottingham. A number of individuals and organisations provided considerable input to this project and we would like to thank them for this: Markus Lehmann (CBD), Jock Martin (EEA), and Christophe Legrand (IOC). The Secretariat also wishes to thank and acknowledge the experts who have reviewed the draft report, as their contributions have been essential for the finalizing of this work: A. Townsend Peterson, University of Kansas, USA Alessandra Alfieri, Ivo Havinga, Julian Chow, and Sokol Vako, UN Statistical Division, New York Anand Sookun, PhD Student, University of Mauritius and Consultant, Former Statistician at Statistics Mauritius Carl Obst, Consultant, Australia Carla Sbrocchi and Peter Cosier, Wentworth Group of Concerned Scientists, Australia Daniel Desaulty, Jan-Erik Petersen, Rania Spyropoulou and Ronan Uhel, European Environment Agency, Copenhagen Denis Couvet, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, France Djanbulat Baijumanov, National Statistical Committee, Kyrgyzstan Eloisa Domingues and Jose Antonio Senna, IBGE, Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, Brazil Emil Ivanov, PhD Student, University of Nottingham, UK and consultant, Bulgaria Gabriel Jaffrain, IGN-FI, Institut Géographique National France-International, France Ioan Negrutiu, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Lyon, France Jana Tafi, Consultant, Moldova Nicolas Bertrand, UNEP, Geneva Stéphanie Uhde, Statistique Québec, Canada ZHU Chunquan, IUCN-China, China Lastly, the Secretariat would like to acknowledge the highly professional review and excellent editing of the English version by Peter Saunders and Bart Ullstein 2 of Banson. 1 [email protected] 2 http://www.ourplanet.com/, [email protected], [email protected] ECOSYSTEM NATURAL CAPITAL ACCOUNTS: A Quick Start Package 5 CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 5 FOREWORD BY EXECUTIVE SECRETARY 8 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������9 Ecosystem Natural Capital Accounts: A Quick Start Package. 9 0 INTRODUCTION ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 11 0.1 The context ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������11 0.2 Scope, objectives and target audiences for ecosystem natural capital accounts ��������������������������������������������15 0.3 Policy relevance of ecosystem accounting ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������17 0.4 Overview of the document structure and links between chapters ������������������������������������������������������������������19 1 A QUICK START PACKAGE FOR PUTTING THE SYSTEM OF ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC ACCOUNTING - ECOSYSTEM TO WORK ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 22 1.1 Priorities for the Ecosystem Natural Capital Accounts Quick Start Package ������������������������������������������������22 1.2 Setting principles ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������22 1.3 Choosing an operational accounting framework ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������24 1.4 The choice of the ecosystem natural capital accounts framework ������������������������������������������������������������������26 1.5 How does ENCA-QSP relate to SEEA? . .26 1.6 Roadmap ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������28 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF ECOSYSTEM NATURAL CAPITAL ACCOUNTS 32 2.1 An integrated accounting framework ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������32 2.2 A simple, robust infrastructure ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������39 3 THE DATA INFRASTRUCTURE 52 3.1 Reference geographical layers ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������53 3.2 Producing the geographical layers of statistical units . .59 4 THE LAND COVER ACCOUNT 69 4.1 Land-cover maps, stocks and changes. .69 4.2 The land-cover accounting framework . .88 4.3 Producing and analysing land-cover accounts. .95 6 ECOSYSTEM NATURAL CAPITAL ACCOUNTS: A Quick Start Package 5 ECOSYSTEM CARBON ACCOUNTS 102 5.1 The ecosystem carbon accounting framework. .104 5.2 Mining biocarbon data in other accounting and statistical frameworks ������������������������������������������������������137 6 THE ECOSYSTEM WATER ACCOUNT 149 6.1 Accounting for water ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������149 6.2 The ecosystem water accounting framework ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������157
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