Klaus Idelberger The World of Footbridges From the Utilitarian to the Spectacular Klaus Idelberger The World of Footbridges From the Utilitarian to the Spectacular Dipl.-Ing. Klaus Idelberger Untere Marktstraße 8 D-97688 Bad Kissingen/Rhön Translated by Linda Wilharm, Hannover, Germany Cover photo: Double arch bridge over the Rhine-Herne Canal near Gelsenkirchen, Germany. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de. © 2011 Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn, Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG, Rotherstr. 21, 10245 Berlin, Germany All rights reserved, particularly those of translation into other languages. 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First Edition ISBN 978-3-433-02943-5 Electronic version available, o-book ISBN 978-3-433-60084-9 Preface Although footbridges may seem very modest in comparison with railway or The book contains a multitude of photographs and construction drawings, road bridges, they are often important landmarks in the urban or rural land- often as isometric perspectives, and is intended as a stimulus not only for scape. structural engineers and architects in their daily practice, but also for clients, This book contains 85 studies of selected pedestrian and cycle bridges as teachers and students. May they all be encouraged to turn their attention to the open footbridges or enclosed skywalks to protect bridge users from wind and fascinating world of footbridges. weather and frequently with an additional function as a utility bridge During the course of his research, the author set himself the task of dis- carrying conduits and pipelines. All the bridges described were built in Europe covering the identities of the people involved in the construction of each bridge (for example, in Switzerland, Germany, France, Great Britain, Italy, Norway and contacted them in order to obtain the technical data and drawings needed and Cyprus) and in Asia (for example Singapore, Hong Kong, Malaysia and for a systematic analysis – this was difficult even in Germany because of new Japan) or Australia in the past 30 years. The bridges are presented in chapters regulations for data privacy. He viewed and photographed almost every bridge according to their load bearing systems and span lengths, which seemed the in the book and verified the structural descriptions with the builders of the most sensible way to deal with the large number of structures contained in bridges. The construction drawings were all supplied in the usual sizes of AO the collection. It begins with wide-span suspension and cable-stayed bridges to A2 which could not be reduced to A5 or 1/32 to 1/64 and had to be redrawn. and continues with girder bridges and arch bridges. Chapter 5 is devoted to Thanks go to Mr Fritz Rinschede, Düsseldorf, for the drawings he produced on enclosed footbridges connecting buildings.These skywalks represent a type of the basis of the original plans. bridge that frequently has no need for stairways, ramps and support columns. Every effort has been made to name the clients, designers, architects, struc- Each chapter begins with a spectacular and iconic footbridge of international tural planners, photographers and authors involved with each structure and, significance followed by a series of “collector’s items” in the form of unique when applicable, to provide sources and literature likely to facilitate the and remarkable footbridges likely to inform and inspire future bridge builders. reader’s own research. Each bridge is separately described with subsections dealing with location, May the tenacity of the author and the labours of the editors be rewarded! local conditions and span length as the key data for design, the load bearing system, whether the bridge is of steel or composite steel construction and, Klaus Idelberger, when relevant, details are given of pylons, corrosion protection and construc- Bad Kissingen, February 2011 tion methods. The chapter on skywalks also describes the tubular or box- shaped structure enclosing the walkway. The World of Footbridges. From the Utilitarian to the Spectacular. First Edition. Klaus Idelberger. © 2011 Ernst & Sohn GmbH & Co. KG. Published by Ernst & Sohn GmbH & Co. KG. 7 Contents Introduction .......... 11 1 Suspension bridges .......... 12 1.1 Duisburg, Germany: suspension-lift bridge over former branch of Rhine, worldwide innovation! .......... 14 1.2 Bochum, Gahlensche Straße, Germany: suspension bridge, S-shaped on plan .......... 16 1.3 Sierre, Switzerland: arched, asymmetric suspension bridge over the Rhône .......... 18 1.4 Kempten-Rosenau, Germany: asymmetric suspension bridge over the Iller .......... 20 1.5 Essen, Germany: stiffened suspension bridge over main road B224 .......... 22 1.6 Overview: seven suspension bridges in Switzerland with span lengths up to 120 m .......... 24 1.6.1 Locarno/Ascona: suspension bridge over the Melezza .......... 26 1.6.2 Aurigeno/Ronchini: impressive suspension bridge over the Maggia .......... 28 1.6.3 Giumaglio: unstiffened suspension bridge over the Maggia .......... 30 1.6.4 Lavertezzo: unstiffened suspension bridge over the River Verzasca .......... 32 2 Cable-stayed and bar-stayed girder bridges .......... 34 2.1 Turin, Italy: “Passerella” – cable fans support bridge from an inclined pylon .......... 36 2.2 Overview: London Docklands: two long-span footbridges .......... 39 2.2.1 London-Docklands: cable-stayed footbridge with pedestrian transporter .......... 40 2.2.2 London Canary Wharf: harp cable-stayed swing bridge, S-shaped .......... 42 2.3 Near Kyoto, Japan: footbridge, cable-stayed from above, below and longitudinally .......... 44 2.4 Weiden, Germany: spiral cable-stayed bridge with three-chord truss over road B22 .......... 47 2.5 Berlin-Schöneweide, Germany: cable-stayed footbridge “Kaiser Bridge” over the Spree .......... 50 2.6 Cham, Germany: bar-stayed bridge with arch pylon over River Regen and raft harbour .......... 52 2.7 Overview: Walldorf and Wiesloch, Germany: “family” of four cable-stayed girder bridges .......... 54 A Walldorf, SAP: beam bridge over main entrance .......... 55 B+C Walldorf, SAP: two similar girder bridges with Y-pylons .......... 56 D Walldorf, SAP: simple girder bridge; Cross sections of bridges A to D .......... 57 2.8 Lemesos, Cyprus: the first fan cable-stayed footbridge in Cyprus .......... 58 2.9 Redwitz, Germany: bar-stayed bridge with “crow’s nest” over the River Rodach .......... 60 2.10 Weil der Stadt, Germany: cable-stayed footbridge over road B295 .......... 62 2.11 Metzingen, Germany: bar fans on an inclined pylon over B312 .......... 64 2.12 Montabaur, Germany: bar-stayed, galvanised girder bridge .......... 66 2.13 Osnabrück, Germany: cable-stayed bridge and arch bridge over the River Hase .......... 68 2.14 Bamberg, Germany: under-deck cable-stayed (hyperboloid) cycle and pedestrian brigde over a branch of the River Regnitz .......... 69 The World of Footbridges. From the Utilitarian to the Spectacular. First Edition. Klaus Idelberger. © 2011 Ernst & Sohn GmbH & Co. KG. Published by Ernst & Sohn GmbH & Co. KG. 8 3 Girder bridges .......... 70 3.1 Berlin Central Station, Germany: long-span footbridge as a rigid frame bridge over the River Spree .......... 72 3.2 Baden, Switzerland: truss footbridge over River Limmat with elevator tower .......... 74 3.3 Immenstadt, Germany: truss bridge over B19N, River Iller and flood channel .......... 76 3.4 Leverkusen, Germany: footbridge in wave form over avenue and landfill .......... 78 3.5 Reutlingen, Germany: steel footbridge with glass planks over the River Echaz and the B312 .......... 80 3.6 Nikosia, Cyprus: curved girder bridge with tubular spine over Lemesos Avenue .......... 82 3.7 Recklinghausen, Germany: a “dragon” footbridge over a road .......... 84 3.8 Hammelburg, Germany: two truss footbridges over the River Saale .......... 86 3.9 Gelsenkirchen/Essen, Germany: steel fans support footbridge over road and stream .......... 88 3.10 Overview: Bad Kissingen, Germany: two cycle and footbridges, curved on plan .......... 91 3.10.1 Bad Kissingen: Luitpold footbridge as a girder bridge with a tubular spine over river Saale .......... 92 3.10.2 Bad Kissingen, Schweizerhaus footbridge: a trapezoidal box girder bridge .......... 94 3.11 Bad Kissingen, Germany: galvanised, bolted footbridge over ring road B278 .......... 96 3.12 Rietberg, Germany: a flame red, rigid frame footbridge over a new lake .........