Start-Up openSUSE Leap 15.2 Start-Up openSUSE Leap 15.2 Publication Date: December 16, 2020 SUSE LLC 1800 South Novell Place Provo, UT 84606 USA https://documentation.suse.com Copyright © 2006– 2020 SUSE LLC and contributors. All rights reserved. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or (at your option) version 1.3; with the Invariant Section being this copyright notice and license. A copy of the license version 1.2 is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”. For SUSE trademarks, see https://www.suse.com/company/legal/ . All other third-party trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Trademark symbols (®, ™ etc.) denote trademarks of SUSE and its aliates. Asterisks (*) denote third-party trademarks. All information found in this book has been compiled with utmost attention to detail. However, this does not guarantee complete accuracy. Neither SUSE LLC, its aliates, the authors nor the translators shall be held liable for possible errors or the consequences thereof. Contents About This Guide xi I INSTALLATION 1 1 Installation Quick Start 2 1.1 Welcome to openSUSE Leap 2 Minimum System Requirements 2 • Installing openSUSE Leap 2 2 Boot Parameters 17 2.1 Using the Default Boot Parameters 17 2.2 PC (AMD64/Intel 64/Arm AArch64) 17 The Boot Screen on Machines Equipped with Traditional BIOS 18 • The Boot Screen on Machines Equipped with UEFI 20 2.3 List of Important Boot Parameters 23 General Boot Parameters 23 • Configuring the Network Interface 24 • Specifying the Installation Source 26 • Specifying Remote Access 27 2.4 Advanced Setups 27 Using IPv6 for the Installation 27 • Using a Proxy for the Installation 28 • Enabling SELinux Support 29 • Enabling the Installer Self-Update 29 • Scale User Interface for High DPI 29 • Using CPU Mitigations 29 2.5 More Information 30 3 Installation Steps 31 3.1 Overview 31 3.2 Installer Self-Update 32 Self-Update Process 33 • Custom Self-Update Repositories 35 iii Start-Up 3.3 Language, Keyboard, and License Agreement 36 3.4 Network Settings 37 3.5 Online Repositories 38 3.6 System Role 40 3.7 Partitioning 43 Important Information 43 • Suggested Partitioning 45 3.8 Clock and Time Zone 47 3.9 Create New User 49 3.10 Authentication for the System Administrator “root” 52 3.11 Installation Settings 54 Software 54 • Booting 56 • Security 56 • Network Configuration 57 • Default systemd Target 57 • Import SSH Host Keys and Configuration 58 • System 58 3.12 Performing the Installation 59 4 Troubleshooting 60 4.1 Checking Media 60 4.2 No Bootable Drive Available 60 4.3 Booting from Installation Media Fails 61 4.4 Boot Failure 62 4.5 Fails to Launch Graphical Installer 64 4.6 Only Minimalist Boot Screen Started 65 II ADMINISTRATION 67 5 Managing Users with YaST 68 5.1 User and Group Administration Dialog 68 5.2 Managing User Accounts 70 iv Start-Up 5.3 Additional Options for User Accounts 71 Automatic Login and Passwordless Login 72 • Enforcing Password Policies 72 • Managing Quotas 73 5.4 Changing Default Settings for Local Users 75 5.5 Assigning Users to Groups 76 5.6 Managing Groups 76 5.7 Changing the User Authentication Method 77 5.8 Default System Users 79 6 Changing Language and Country Settings with YaST 81 6.1 Changing the System Language 81 Modifying System Languages with YaST 82 • Switching the Default System Language 84 • Switching Languages for Standard X and GNOME Applications 85 6.2 Changing the Country and Time Settings 85 7 Setting Up Hardware Components with YaST 89 7.1 Setting Up Your System Keyboard Layout 89 7.2 Setting Up Sound Cards 89 7.3 Setting Up a Printer 93 Configuring Printers 93 • Configuring Printing via the Network with YaST 96 • Sharing Printers over the Network 98 7.4 Setting Up a Scanner 99 Configuring an HP All-In-One Device 99 • Sharing a Scanner over the Network 100 • Scanning over the Network 100 8 Printer Operation 101 8.1 The CUPS Workflow 102 8.2 Methods and Protocols for Connecting Printers 103 v Start-Up 8.3 Installing the Software 103 8.4 Network Printers 104 8.5 Configuring CUPS with Command Line Tools 105 8.6 Printing from the Command Line 106 8.7 Special Features in openSUSE Leap 107 CUPS and Firewall 107 • Browsing for Network Printers 107 • PPD Files in Various Packages 108 8.8 Troubleshooting 109 Printers without Standard Printer Language Support 109 • No Suitable PPD File Available for a PostScript Printer 110 • Network Printer Connections 110 • Defective Printouts without Error Message 112 • Disabled Queues 113 • CUPS Browsing: Deleting Print Jobs 113 • Defective Print Jobs and Data Transfer Errors 113 • Debugging CUPS 114 • For More Information 114 9 Accessing File Systems with FUSE 115 9.1 Configuring FUSE 115 9.2 Mounting an NTFS Partition 115 9.3 Mounting Remote File System with SSHFS 116 9.4 Mounting an ISO File System 116 9.5 Available FUSE Plug-ins 117 9.6 For More Information 118 III MANAGING AND UPDATING SOFTWARE 119 10 Installing or Removing Software 120 10.1 Definition of Terms 120 vi Start-Up 10.2 Using the YaST Software Manager 122 Searching Software 122 • Installing and Removing Packages or Patterns 123 • Updating Packages 125 • Package Dependencies 127 • Handling of Package Recommendations 128 10.3 Managing Software Repositories and Services 129 Adding Software Repositories 129 • Managing Repository Properties 131 • Managing Repository Keys 132 10.4 The GNOME Package Updater 132 10.5 Updating Packages with GNOME Software 135 11 Installing Add-On Products 137 11.1 Add-Ons 137 11.2 Binary Drivers 138 12 YaST Online Update 139 12.1 The Online Update Dialog 139 12.2 Installing Patches 141 12.3 Automatic Online Update 142 13 Upgrading the System and System Changes 145 13.1 Upgrading the System 145 Preparations 146 • Possible Problems 146 • Upgrading with YaST 147 • Distribution Upgrade with Zypper 154 • Updating Individual Packages 156 13.2 Additional Information 157 IV THE BASH SHELL 158 14 Shell Basics 159 14.1 Starting a Shell 159 vii Start-Up 14.2 Entering Commands 160 Using Commands without Options 161 • Using Commands with Options 161 • Bash Shortcut Keys 163 14.3 Getting Help 163 14.4 Working with Files and Directories 164 Examples for Working with Files and Directories 166 14.5 Becoming Root 169 Using su 169 • Using sudo 169 14.6 File Access Permissions 170 Permissions for User, Group and Others 170 • Files and Folders 172 • Modifying File Permissions 173 14.7 Time-Saving Features of Bash 175 Examples For Using History, Completion and Wildcards 177 14.8 Editing Texts 179 Example: Editing with vi 180 14.9 Searching for Files or Contents 180 Examples for Searching 181 14.10 Viewing Text Files 181 14.11 Redirection and Pipes 182 Examples for Redirection and Pipe 183 14.12 Starting Programs and Handling Processes 184 14.13 Archives and Data Compression 185 14.14 Important Linux Commands 187 File Commands 187 • System Commands 193 • For More Information 196 15 Bash and Bash Scripts 197 15.1 What is “The Shell”? 197 Bash Configuration Files 197 • The Directory Structure 200 viii Start-Up 15.2 Writing Shell Scripts 204 15.3 Redirecting Command Events 205 15.4 Using Aliases 206 15.5 Using Variables in Bash 207 Using Argument Variables 208 • Using Variable Substitution 208 15.6 Grouping and Combining Commands 209 15.7 Working with Common Flow Constructs 210 The if Control Command 210 • Creating Loops with the for Command 211 15.8 For More Information 211 V HELP AND TROUBLESHOOTING 212 16 Help and Documentation 213 16.1 Documentation Directory 213 SUSE Manuals 214 • Package Documentation 214 16.2 Man Pages 215 16.3 Info Pages 216 16.4 Online Resources 217 17 Common Problems and Their Solutions 218 17.1 Finding and Gathering Information 218 17.2 Boot Problems 221 The GRUB 2 Boot Loader Fails to Load 221 • No Login or Prompt Appears 222 • No Graphical Login 223 • Root Btrfs Partition Cannot Be Mounted 223 • Force Checking Root Partitions 223 • Disable Swap to Enable Booting 224 17.3 Login Problems 224 Valid User Name and Password Combinations Fail 224 • Valid User Name and Password Not Accepted 225 • Login to Encrypted Home Partition Fails 228 • GNOME Desktop Has Issues 228 ix Start-Up 17.4 Network Problems 229 NetworkManager Problems 233 17.5 Data Problems 234 Managing Partition Images 234 • Using the Rescue System 234 A GNU Licenses 242 A.1 GNU Free Documentation License 242 x Start-Up About This Guide This manual will see you through your initial contact with openSUSE® Leap. Check out the various parts of this manual to learn how to install, use and enjoy your system. Installation Guides you through the installation process and the basic conguration of your system. The Quick Start section shows a quick walk through the installation using default values. The second part of this chapter provides details for every installation step. Administration Introduces YaST, the central tool for installation and conguration of your system. Learn how to initially set up your system and how to modify key components of your system. Managing and Updating Software Understand how to install or remove software with either YaST or using the command line, how to use the 1-Click Install feature, and how to keep your system up-to-date. The Bash Shell Learn how to work with the bash shell, the default command line interpreter on openSUSE Leap.