University of Bath PHD Community organisation in fishing villages in southern Thailand: the role of phu yai ban in local resource management Masae, Awae Award date: 1996 Awarding institution: University of Bath Link to publication Alternative formats If you require this document in an alternative format, please contact: [email protected] General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 11. Oct. 2021 COMMUNITY ORGANISATION IN FISHING VILLAGES IN SOUTHERN THAILAND: THE ROLE OF PHU YAIBANIN LOCAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT submitted by Awae Masae for the degree of Ph.D. of the University of Bath 1996 COPYRIGHT ‘Attention is drawn to the fact that copyright of this thesis rests with its author. This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with its author and that no quotation from the thesis and no information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author.’ ‘This thesis may be made available for consultation within the University Library and may be photocopied or lent to other libraries for the purposes of consultation.’ UMI Number: U601931 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U601931 Published by ProQuest LLC 2013. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 * * 11 i n m m UCy 14 li I’ m e i n m s o A u m m ABSTRACT This thesis is concerned with the analysis o f policy implementation and the involvement o f village official leaders (phu yai ban) in Southern Thailand Its main foci were on the implementation o f policies related to common property resource (CPR) management at the local level, particularly at the village (mooban) level, and the role o f phu yai ban in planning and implementing these policies. The study views that significant changes occur in implementation stages, especially at the local level These changes are influenced by the context in which policy is implemented Local official leaders who are responsible for implementing CPR management policies make decisions according to local contexts, and their decisions determine the achievement o f policies. Recent reforms in the organisational structure of natural resource management planning in Thailand were designed to allow local leaders to participate formally in planning, in order to meet the needs of the local people and to encourage more effective implementation. The research fieldwork was undertaken in two freshwater fishing villages in Southern Thailand by means of participant observation. The main fieldwork was undertaken in June 1993 until July 1994 in tandem with the collaborative project on floodplain fishery management between the University of Bath and the Prince of Songkla University. Some o f the data presented in this thesis was obtained through this project's fieldwork. Two local projects related to CPR management taking place in the study area were used as case studies for an in-depth analysis. The findings of this thesis show that although phu yai ban play a key role in implementing CPR management policies at the local level, there are several factors affecting their performances. These factors include historical backgrounds, socio­ economic conditions, and organisational arrangements of communities in which they are situated. Moreover, the conventional administrative arrangement and bureaucratic culture provide obstacles to their full involvement in planning and effective implementation of local CPR management projects. Conclusions are given on prospects of more sustainable local CPR management in Thailand ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am grateful to many people and organisations from whom I received support and assistance throughout the period of this study. Although I am unable to mention all of them here, the following deserve my special thanks. First of ail, I owe a debt of gratitude to Dr. J. Allister McGregor for his support in various aspects and for his patience in dealing with several difficulties related to my study. Thanks also to Dr. Adrian Winnett who provided very useful comments on my work. I am also grateful to Dr. Geof Wood and all staff members of the Centre for Development Study at the University of Bath who have always been supportive. Thanks to the British Council and ODA for their financial support throughout the study. Without their financial support, this study would not have been possible. In Thailand, many people deserve special mention. My special thanks to Dr. Somsak Boromthanarat, the Director of Coastal Resources Institute (CORIN) at Prince of Songkla University, and other staff members of CORIN, who provided support and assistance in various forms. My thanks should also go to the Dean of the Faculty of Natural Resources and the Head of the Department of Agricultural Development who not only provided me a chance to take a. study leave, but also allowed me to use many facilities they have for my study. In the villages where this study took place, many local leaders and villagers deserve thanks for their co-operation and their warm welcome while I was in their villages. Finally, I must not forget Nipon Khaaoreuang who was the assistant researcher to the PSU-CDS Floodplain Project. He did not only make invaluable contribution to the PSU-CDS Floodplain Project, but also provided support to this work. Many friends and colleagues at Bath University also played an important part in the time of my study. Douglas Saltmarsh, Richard Friend, Lawrence Kitchen, Jawanit Kittitornkool and all Thai students have always been helpful to me in various occasions. They all helped in creating more pleasant social environment for my life in Bath. Richard Friend in particular spent a lot of time helping in correcting my English. Thanks to my family, particularly my ageing parents, for their encouragement to my education. Despite their illiteracy, my parents have always seen the importance of providing education for their children. Their spiritual support has always been an important drive for my success. At the home front, special thanks and love to Suchada for being patient and supportive. Although she had to struggle hard to look after our young children on her own, she has never shown her tiredness. I would like to dedicate this thesis to my three sons, Nasruddeen, Shareef and Nawaawi, who were too young to understand what I was involved in and why I had to be absent for the last two years. Finally, as a Muslim, I must not forget to thank God for opening my mind to the importance of education. iv TABLE OF CONTENT PAGE ABSTRACT i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii TABLE OF CONTENT iv LIST OF MAPS, FIGURES AND TABLES vii MAPS viii CHAPTER ONE: THE STUDY OF NATURAL RESOURCES 1 AND DEVELOPMENT IN RURAL THAILAND 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Rural Development in Thailand and the Importance of Natural Resources 3 1.3 The Nature of the Study and the Study Area 10 1.3.1 The Nature of this Study 11 1.3.2 The Significance and Objectives of the Study 13 1.3.3 The Study Area and the Selection the Study Villages 14 1.4 Fieldwork: A Note from Experience 21 CHAPTER TWO: THE ANALYSIS OF POLICY AND PUBLIC PARTICIPATION 34 2.1 Introduction 34 2.2 The Concepts of Policy Analysis and Policy Process 35 2.2.1 The Process Model . 35 2.2.2 The Political System Model 37 2.3 Policy-Making, Policy Implementation and Policy Outcomes 40 2.4 The Importance of Policy Implementation: From Top-Down to Bottom-Up Perspectives 4i 2.5 Implementors and Factors Influencing their Performance 48 2.5.1 State Implementors and their Working Environment 48 2.5.2 Factors Influencing Implementor’s Performance 51 2.6 The Interaction of Actors in the Implementation Process and the Concept of Implementation Structures 54 2.7 Local People, Local Organisations and Their Participation in Policy Implementation 58 2.8 Common Property Resources and Policy Questions 64 2.9 Conclusion and Conceptual Framework for the Study 73 V CHAPTER THREE: POLICY PROCESS AND LOCAL PARTICIPATION IN THAILAND 79 3.1 Introduction 79 3.2 The Thai Administrative Structure 80 3.3 Policy-Making and Policy Implementation in the Thai Context 85 3.3.1 The Planning Organisation 85 3.3.2 Planning Procedure 92 3.3.3 Policy Implementation 95 3.4 The Thai Bureaucracy and Its Culture 98 3.5 Local Level Administration, Politics, and Popular Participation