ISSN 2321 3361 © 2019 IJESC Research Article Volume 9 Issue No.12 Investigation of Essential Metals in White Lupin Grain in Some Selected Amhara Region, Ethiopia Zemenay Zewdu Department of Chemistry College of Natural and Computinal Science, University of Gondar, Ethiopia Abstract: Back ground: Plants are the most important sources of food for human beings. Among plant sources, legumes products are important sources of protein and minerals in the diets of millions of people in the world. White lupin (Lupinus albus), the local name of “Gibto” is one of the traditional pulse crops in Ethiopia especially in Amhara regional state. Objective: This study focuses on the determination of essential metal in white lupin. Methods: In this study, the concentration of selected metals (Ca, Fe, Zn and Cd) in raw lupin cultivated in different part of Amhara Region, Ethiopia particularly in Debretabor, Merawi and Kossober were determined using FAAS. Result: The observed metal concentration in three cultivars of raw lupin was in the range of Ca (87.71±0.638 to101.14±0.42 mg/100g), Fe (3.83±0.22 to 10.3±0.1g/100g), Zn (15.91±0.865 to 28.22±0.14 mg/100g) and Cd (1.32 ± 0.04 to 1.38 ± 0.02 mg/100g). The difference in metal concentration between samples based on the difference in geographical location were determined by using one way ANOVA Duncan’s multiple range test at a significant level of P < 0.05. Conclusion: The result shows that the ability of white lupin seeds to accumulate relatively higher amount of Ca, Fe, and Zn. Toxic metal Cd was found to be comparatively at lower level. The content metals in all sample of lupin were similar trained across the verities that could be arranged in the following order: Ca > Fe > Zn > Cd. Further study should be carried out to analyze the soil metal content on which white lupin is grown and to study correlation of metals between soil and lupin plants. Key Words: White lupin, essential metals, FAAS, concentration. I. BACKGROUND and minerals. They are used in many parts of the world for both animal and human nutrition3. The other legume from the same Plants are the most important sources of food for human beings. family Leguminosae called lupin, it is one of the traditional Among plant sources, legumes products are important sources of pulse crops in Ethiopia especially in Amhara regional state. It is protein and minerals in the diets of millions of people in the used as human food and animal feed since early Roman times. It world1,2. The legumes used by humans are commonly called is an economically and agriculturally valuable Plant and its seeds food legumes or grain legumes. The food legumes can be are employed as a protein source for animal and human nutrition divided into two groups, the pulses and the oilseeds. Pulses in various parts of the world, not only for their nutritional value, group consists of dried seeds of cultivated legumes, which have but also for their adaptability to soils and climates4. The plant is been eaten for a long time. Grain legume is important source of characterized by having various flowering spikes in large range significant amounts of proteins, carbohydrates, fibber, vitamins of colours5. Figure.1. Flower of different lupin species Lupin seeds have a high protein and fat content but their use for of α-galactosides from Lupinus albus L. Var. maltoilupa on the human nutrition is very limited due to the presence of high chemical composition of prepared flour and the daily availability alkaloid content requires large processing steps3. Different of N, total P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn and Mn was studied. From those studies have been under taken regarding the metal contents of study the content of Mn, Cu, Fe, Zn, P, Mg and K were 63.9 ± different cultivars of white lupin. In Spain, the effect of removal 1.30, 6.62 ± 0.28, 63.3 ± 0.14, 55.0 ± 1.11 (µg/g), 565.8 ± 0.90, IJESC, December 2019 24228 http:// ijesc.org/ 189.61 ± 5.81 and 600 ± 23.7 mg/100 g of dry matter Sample collection and processing respectively6. White lupin (Lupinus albus) sample from each sampling site were collected randomly from the mentioned market and Similarly in Portugal the lead and copper amount also studied in processed. The raw lupin sample was washed with tap water and white lupin root and leaves using anodic striping voltametry. as well with distilled water. Finally it is rinsed with deionized From these study toxicity symptom of lead is observed in leaves water and air dried. The dried whole seed was powdered and and roots of white lupin7. Likewise in Europe, the amount of sieved. The powder was collected and stored with clean and some macronutrients of lupin was analyzed. These study dried plastic bottles in a refrigerator7. established that the presence of K, P, Ca, Mg, Mn, and low level of Na. The manganese level of white lupin was found 896 mg/kg Reagents and Chemicals which can approaches toxicity concentration and the level of Ca, All reagents and chemicals used in the study were analytical P, Mg, K, Na, and Mn was found 2.1 to 4.66, 4.29 to 7.20, 1.20 grade. HNO3 (69-72%) HClO4 (6062%) both from (SD Fine 7 to 2.25, 8.6 to 11.1 and 0.1 to 0.2 g/kg respectively . Chem Industries Mumbai, India), and H2O2 (30%, Scharlau, European Union), Lanthanum nitratetrihydrate (99.9%,Aldrich, Tizazu et al (2010) studies that chemical composition, physical USA) and standard stock solutions containing 1000 mg/L, in 2 and chemical properties of Gibto seed grown in Ethiopia. Up on % HNO3, of the metals Ca, Fe, Zn and Cd (BUCK SCIENTIFIC his study the metal content of lupin in two cultivars of white GRAPHIC) were used. lupin (Debretabor and Dembecha) has been reported. From his observation the P and Ca level of Debretabor lupin are 248.77 Digestion of white lupin sample and 97.98 mg/100 g respectively and in Dembecha lupin the P Sample digestion was carried out under optimum conditions of and Ca level are 249.02 and 67.13 mg/100 g respectively. In Nitric acid-perchloric acid mixture (7:3 v/v), digestion general based on his study the content of P, Fe, Zn and Ca were temperature (250 °C) and a total digestion time of 3:30 hours. 248.90, 12.51, 4.68 and 82.56 mg/100 g respectively1. Getachew Through applying the optimized procedure, 7 mL concentrated (2009) in Ethiopia studied that the chemical composition and the HNO3 (69-72 %) acid and 3 mL of HClO4 (60-62 %) (7:3) was effect of traditional processing on nutritional composition of added to 0.5 g powdered samples. The mixture was digested Gibto (Lupinus albus L.) grown in Gojam area. His observation under a hot plate by covering the beaker by watch glass until the conducted in two areas of Dangla and Tilili. The mineral entire sample was digested and 1-2 mL colorless solution was composition of the two cultivars was reported that, the Dangla remained. After digestion the sample was allowed to cool for 10 sample has 6.00, 2.11, 58.43, and 8.93 mg/100 gm contents of minutes at room temperature followed by addition of 10 mL Fe, Zn, Mn and Mg respectively. The values of the same types of deionized. The solution was filtered and diluted with deionized minerals for the Tilili sample were 6.72, 1.81, 63.54, 59.14 and water. On the same way the blank solution was prepared from 10 2 9.46 mg/100 gm respectively . mL of reagents (i.e. a mixture of 7 mL of HNO3 and 3 mL of HClO4), boil the mixture as the same time and temperature used The concentration of mineral in white lupin is determined by the for the sample digestion procedure8. For Ca analysis lanthanum choice of cultivars and environmentally determined by soil type nitrate hydrated was added to the sample then placed in a freezer and climate conditions. Appropriate conditions together with to avoid interference until analysis9. selection of lupin cultivars that have a high metal concentration can be used to promote high metal bioavailability. For this Instruments and Apparatus reason, it is necessary to determine the level of selected metals in Polyethylene bags were used for handling and transporting the white lupin seed collected from markets of production site of collected samples, mixer grinder (BRILLIANT B×1002, AN 150 south Gondar, west Gojam and Awi zone (Debretabor, Merawi 9001:2008 CRTIFIED CAMPANY) for grind and powdered the and Kossober) and to compare the result. Since trace metals have dried sample, digital analytical balance for weigh samples, role in disturbing at high levels in human tissue and body fluids. beaker, used to digest the lupin powder, hot plate(C-MAG HS 4 Therefore; knowing the content of metals in white lupin grain is 525, IKA) to digest the dried and powdered lupin samples, fume a universal interest from a nutritional point of view. There are no hood, refrigerator for keeping the digested sample till analysis, other studies carried out in determining the level of metals in pipette, filter paper, 50 mL of volumetric flask. Finally BUCK Ethiopian white lupin commonly known as “Gibto”. Therefore; SCINTIFIC 210 VGP flame atomic absorption spectroscopy the main objective of this study is to determine the (FAAS) for analysis of metals using air-C2H2 flame concentrations of metals in white lupin (Lupinus albus) grain grown in different parts of Ethiopia.