ISSN 0083-7903, 66 (Print) ISSN 2538-1016; 66 (Online) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Isididae (Octocorallia : Gorgonacea) from New Zealand · and the Antarctic by RALPH GRANT o c1t,... � �7.il .,s", /J �\::; l>jff -------�� . New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 66 1976 NEW ZEALAND DEPARTMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Isididae (Octocorallia : Gorgonacea) from New Zealand and the Antarctic RALPH GRANT Geology Department, University of Auckland New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir No. 66 1976 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Edited by Q. W. RuscoE, Science Information Division, 0s1R, and Mrs R. J. WA NOA, N.Z. Oceanographic Institute, osm Citation according to World List of Scientific Perio<licals, 4th edn.: Mem. N.Z. oceanogr. Inst. 66 ISSN 0083-7903 Received for publication October 1973 © Crown Copyright 1976 A. R. SHEARER, GOVERNMENT PRINTER, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND-1976 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ CONTENTS page ABSTRACT 5 INTRODUCTION 5 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 5 STATION DETAILS 6 GLOSSARY OF MORPHOLOGICAL TERMS FOR THE ISIDIDAE 7 GENERAL ACCOUNT OF TIIE OCTOCORALLIA AND GORGONACEA 7 CLASSIFICATION OF THE ISIDIDAE 8 History of the family . 8 Taxonomic characters 9 Classification used in the present work 9 Keys to subfamilies and genera of the lsididae 10 TAXONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF THE lsmm AXIS. 11 SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS: FAMILY ISIDIDAE 15 Subfamily Keratoisidinae 15 Keratoisis 15 Acanella 25 Lepidisis 30 Subfamily Mopseinae 33 Mopsea 33 Primnoisis 35 Circinisidinae n.subfam. 40 Circinisis 41 Peltastisidinae n.subfam. 42 Peltastisis 42 Chathamisis 43 45 Minuisis Subfamily Uncertain 47 Echinisi:; 47 GEOGRAPHIC AND BATHYMETRIC DISTRIBUTION 49 APPENDIX 1 : Genera of the families Primnoidae, Acanthogorgiidae, Chrysogorgiidae, and Aingmaptilidae of the suborder Holaxonia identi- fied in the collections. .. 52 APPENDIX 2: Station list 53 REFERENCES 54 INDEX 55 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ FIGURE S Generalised isidid polyps page 8 26 Polyps of Acanella eburnea page 30 2 Sections of Keratoisis tangentis and K. ze/andica 12 27 Lepidisis solitaria 32 3 Sections of Keratoisis zelandica, K. projecta, K. 28 Polyp of Lepidisis solitaria 32 flexibilis and Acanel/a japonica 13 29 Mopsea elongata 34 4 Sections of Acane/!a japonica, Mopsea elongala, 30 Polyps of 35 and Primnoisis ambigua 14 Mopsea elongata 31 36 5 Sections of Circinisis circinata 15 Primnoisis antarctica 32 37 6 Keratoisis tangentis 16 Primnoisis antarctica 33 Primnoisis formosa 38 7 Node of Keratoisis tangentis . 16 34 Polyps of 39 8 Polyps of Keratoisis :angentis 17 Primnoisis formosa 35 Polyps of 39 9 Keratoisis glaesa 18 Primnoisis formosa 36 40 10 Polyps of Keratoisis glaesa 19 Primnoisis ambigua 37 11 Keratoisis hikurangiensis 19 Circinisis circinata 41 38 Polyps of 12 Polyp of Keratoisis hikurangiensis 20 Circinisis circinata .. 42 39 Polyps of 13 Keratoisis projecta 21 Circinisis circinata 42 14 Polyps of Keratoisis projecta 22 40 Peltastisis nuttingi 43 15 Keratoisis zelandica 22 41 Polyp of Peltastisis nuttingi 43 16 Polyp of Keratoisis ze/andica 23 42 Chathamisis bayeri 44 17 Keratoisis fiexibilis 23 43 Polyp of Chathamisis bayeri . 45 18 Origin of branching of Keratoisis fiexibilis 24 44 Operculum of Chathamisis bayeri 45 19 Polyp of Keratoisis flexibilis 25 45 Minuisis pseudoplanum 45 10 Acanella japonica 26 46 Polyps of Minuisis pseudoplanum 46 21 Polyp of Acanel/a japonica 26 47 Operculum of Minuisis pseudoplanum 46 22 Acanel/a sibogae 27 48 Echinisis spicata 48 23 Acanel/a sibogae 27 49 Polyps of Echinisis spicata 48 24 Polyps of Acanella sibogae 28 50 Locality map 50 25 Acanella eburnea 29 51 Distribution of species in the New Zealand region 51 4 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Isididae (Octocorallia : Gorgonacea) from New Zealand and the Antarctic by RALPH GRANT* Geology Department, University of Auckland New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir No. 66, 1976, 56 pp. ISSN 0083-7903 ABSTRACT A systematic study of the lsididae held in the collections of the New Zealand Oceano­ graphic Institute is presented. After brief introductory remarks on morphology, 19 species belonging to I O genera are described. These include three new monotypic genera, Circinisis, Minuisis, and Chatharnisis; five new species of Keratoisis; one new species of Lepidisis; and one new species of Peltastisis. Circinisis is placed in a new subfamily Circinisidinae, and Minuisis, Chathamisis, and Peltastisis in a new subfamily Peltastisidinae. Already-described species are Acanella sibogae, A. japonica, A. eburnea, Mopsea e/ongata, Primnoisis antarctica, P. ambigua, P. forrnosa, Echinisis spicata, and Kcratoisis f/exibilis. Other genera of Gorgon­ acea belonging to the suborder Holaxonia identified in the collections are listed in an appendix. * Current address: c/- Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, England. INTRODUCTION ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Although fossil Isididae have been investigated by The co-operation of the Director of the New Zealand various authors, particularly Squires ( 1958), the Recent Oceanographic Institute, Mr J. W. Brodie, in making Isididae of the New Zealand region have not been dealt the Institute's isidid collections available for study, is with previously. In fact, the Octocorallia generally have gratefully acknowledged. Additional material was kindly been paid very little attention, the Scle:ractinia being the made available by the National Museum in Wellington, only coral group to have received comprehensive study Dr P. M. Ralph of the Zoology Department, Victoria (Squires and Keyes 1967). University of Wellington, and Mr B. Richards of Hou­ The study of Recent Isididae by the present author is Thanks also go to Dr J. A. Grant-Mackie, based on material held in the collections of the New hora. Zealand Oceanographic Institute of the Department of Geology Department, University of Auckland, for Scientific and Industrial Research. assistance during the study and for reading the manu­ Genera of the families Primnoidae, Acanthogorgiidae, script; to Mr J. Whalan, Information Service, DSIR, for Chrysogorgiidae, and Ainigmaptilidae of the suborder preparing the photographs; and to Mr W. S. Bertaud Holaxonia were also identified in the collections and Mrs L. Donaldson of the Physics and Engineering (Appendix 1). Laboratory, DSIR, for the electronscan micrographs. 5 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ STATION DETAILS All NZOI stations ° ° Stations in the New Zealand region E892 37 20.0'S, 173 35.0'E, 1 234-1 224 m, west of North Island. Sloppy brown mud. ° ° C632 39 14.0'S, 172 01.0'E, 406 m, inner end of Challenger Keratoisis hikurangiensis n.sp. Plateau. Pebbles, coral, two rocks. E901 38°00.0'S, 173 °19.0'E, 1 247-1 250 m, west of North Keratoisis tangentis n.sp. Island. Grey ooze. Keratoisis hikurangiensis n.sp. Keratoisis glaesa n.sp. F873 37° 19.5'S, 178°11.0'E, 1 050-1 053 m, Bay of Plenty. ° ° C645 39 18.0'S, 172 00.0'E, 442 m, inner end of Challenger Soft grey-brown mud. Acanella sibogae Nutting Plateau. Shell, coral, small rock chips. Acanella eburnea (Pourtales) Keratoisis tangentis n.sp. F878 37 °28.5'S, 177 °31.5'£, 997-942 m Bay of Plenty. ° ° , D90 43 50.0'S, 179 00.0'W, 399 m, Chatham Rise. Fine Brown sloppy ooze. Acanella sibogae Nutting muddy sand. Chathamisis bayeri n.gen et sp. F892 36 ° 58.6'S, 176 °41.0'E, 1 278-1 144 m, Bay of Plenty. ° ° D224 40 47.0'S, 169 41.0'E, 903 m, Challenger Plateau. Brown ooze. Keratoisis hikurangiensis n.sp. Acanella sibogae Nutting F897 36 ° 40.5'S, 176 ° 24.0'E, I 306-1 231 m, Bay of Plenty. Acanella eburnea (Pourtales) Soft grey-brown ooze, pumice, rock. ° ° ° ° E148 40 30.0'S, 177 45.0'W to 44 30.2'S, 177 45.2'W, 880 Acane/la japonica Ktikenthal m, Chatham Rise. Fine green glauconite ooze. Acanella sibogae Nutting Primnoisis ambigua Wright & Studer F913 34° 43.5'S, 174° 31.5'£, 743 m, north-east of Bay of E246 34°39.0'S, 172°50.0'E, 33 m, south-east of Three Kings Islands. Globigerina slop, pumice. Islands. Fine shell sand. Echinisis spicata (Hickson) Keratoisis projecta n.sp. ° ° ° ° E323 34 00.0'S, 172 15.0'E, 165 m, east of Three Kings G259a 43 33.0'S, 179 22.0'E, 410 m, Chatham Rise. Islands. Bryozoan shell debris, algal/bryozoan accre­ Chathamisis bayeri n.gen. et sp. tions, and probably glauconite. 0279 43 ° 39.0'S, 179° 07.0'E, 426 m, Chatham Rise. Phos­ Circinisis circinata n.gen. et sp. phorite nodules from 3-7 in. ° ° E707 40 10.3'S, l77 18.3'E, 951-834 m, south-east of Cape Chathamisis bayeri n.gen. et sp. Kidnappers, on edge of Hikurangi Trench. Soft gritty G284a 43° 26.0'S, 179° 01.0'E, 421 m, Chatham Rise. grey mud. Keratoisis hikurangiensis n.sp. ° ° Chathamisis bayeri n.gen. et sp. E724 37 23.3'S, 178 00.5'E, 695-631 m, Bay of Plenty. Brownish sloppy mud. Keratoisis projecta n.sp.