YANGON UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS MASTER OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES PROGRAMME DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM INDUSTRY IN MANDALAY REGION (2008 - 2017) ZAR CHI TIN MDevS - 23 (14th BATCH) MAY, 2019 Sample output to test PDF Combine only YANGON UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS MASTER OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES PROGRAMME DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM INDUSTRY IN MANDALAY REGION (2008 - 2017) A thesis submitted as a partial fulfilment towards the requirements for the degree of Master of Development Studies (MDevS) Supervised by: Submitted by: Daw Kay Thwe Khine Zar Chi Tin Lecturer Roll No. 23 Department of Economics MDevS (14th Batch) Yangon University of Economics (2017 - 2019) MAY, 2019 Sample output to test PDF Combine only YANGON UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS MASTER OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES PROGRAMME This is to certify that this thesis entitled “Development of Tourism Industry in Mandalay Region (2008-2017)” submitted as a partial fulfillment in the requirements for the degree of Master of Development Studies has been accepted by Board of Examiners. BOARD OF EXAMINERS 1. Dr. Tin Win Rector Yangon University of Economics (Chief Examiner) 2. Dr. Ni Lar Myint Htoo Pro-Rector Yangon University of Economics (Examiner) 3. Dr. Cho Cho Thein Professor and Head Department of Economics Yangon University of Economics (Examiner) 4. Dr. Khin Thida Nyein Professor Department of Economics Yangon University of Economics (Examiner) 5. Daw Yin Myo Oo Associate Professor Department of Economics Yangon University of Economics (Examiner) MAY, 2019 Sample output to test PDF Combine only ABSTRACT This study aims to focus the tourism development of tourism industry in Mandalay region. The objective of this research is to identify the tourism sector and examine the tourism industry development of Mandalay Region in 2008-2017. To meet the research objectives descriptive method is used based on secondary data. Time series data are collected from the official websites, Ministry of Hotels and Tourism Mandalay and Mandalay Hotelier Association. The scope of the development is to analyse the development of tourist arrivals and the development of hotels, motels and inns in Mandalay from 2008 to 2017. The results of trend analysis indicate that the growth of tourist arrivals was greater than the growth rate of hotels, motels and inns in Mandalay during the period from 2011-2012 to 2016- 2017. i Sample output to test PDF Combine only ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to the Professor Dr. Tin Win, Rector of the Yangon University of Economics, for his permission for my selection of the research topic as a partial fulfilment towards the Degree of Master of Development Studies. I also deeply thank Professor Dr. Cho Cho Thein, Professor and Head of Department, Department of Economics and the Programme Director of Master of Development Studies Programme, Yangon University of Economics for her initiatives, monitoring and close guidance to accomplish this research. Secondly, allow me to take this opportunity to render my heartfelt thanks to my supervisor, Daw Kay Thwe Khine, lecturer, for her precious time spending in her close supervision on this research paper and her kind guidance and advice given to me to be able to complete a quality and successful thesis paper. Moreover, I thank all my teachers, current and retired professors, lecturers, assistant lecturers and tutors who spend their precious time for their lecturers to us and conveyed their academic knowledge, shared their invaluable experiences and mentored the students with great patience. Finally, I offer my deep gratitude and grateful thanks to all classmates for their kind help, understanding and sharing their knowledge and moral support. ii Sample output to test PDF Combine only TABLE CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iii LIST OF TABLES v LIST OF FIGURES vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS vii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale of the Study 1 1.2 Objectives of the Study 2 1.3 Method of Study 2 1.4 Scope and Limitation of the Study 2 1.5 Organization of the Study 3 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Tourism Development of Global and Regional Trend 4 2.2 Global Trend 4 2.3 Effects of Tourism in Economic Development 7 2.4 Supportive Factors for Tourism Development 10 2.5 Tourism and Transport 11 2.6 Development Strategies of Tourism 13 2.7 Tourism Concerned Environment and Sustainable 14 Development CHAPPTER III TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE IN MANDALAY 3.1 Historical Background of Myanmar Tourism 16 3.2 Tourism Policy and Institutional Development 19 3.3 Private Sector Participation 21 3.4 Tourist Arrival in Entry Points 23 iii Sample output to test PDF Combine only 3.5 Infrastructure Development 24 3.6 Tourism Contribution to GDP in Myanmar 29 3.7 Tourism Expenditures and Length of Stay in Myanmar 31 CHAPTER IV TOURISM INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT IN MANDALAY 4.1 International Tourist Arrival 34 4.2 Hotels, Motels and Inns in Mandalay 36 4.3 Rooms of Hotels, Motels and Inns in Mandalay 38 4.4 Trend of Tourist Arrivals and No. of Beds in Mandalay 40 4.5 Total Numbers of Beds in Hotels, Motels and Inns by 41 Ownership 4.6 Inbound and Outbound Tourists in Mandalay 42 4.7 The Trend of Income from Tourism Mandalay 42 4.8 The Trend of Mandalay Tourism Income Development 46 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION 5.1 Findings 48 5.2 Suggestion 49 REFERENCES APPENDICES iv Sample output to test PDF Combine only LIST OF TABLES Table No. Title Page 4.1 Tourist Arrival in Mandalay (2006 – 2017) 35 4.2 Hotels, Motels and Inns in Mandalay (2006 – 2017) 37 4.3 Rooms in Hotels, Motels, and Inns, Mandalay (2006 – 2017) 39 4.4 No. of Beds in Hotels, Motels and Inns, Mandalay (2006 – 2017) 41 4.5 Mandalay Inbound and Outbound Tourists in Numbers 43 4.6 Tourism Income in Mandalay (in US$) 44 v Sample output to test PDF Combine only LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. Title Page 3.1 Organization of the Ministry of Hotels and Tourism 20 3.2 Trend of Growth Rate of Private Participation in Tourism 22 3.3 Trend of the Number of Hotels, Motels and Inns 23 3.4 Number of Tourist Arrivals in Each Entry Point 24 3.5 Trend of Tourism Contribution to GDP (in MMK) 31 3.6 Tourist Arrivals by Gender 31 3.7 Tourist Arrivals by Age Group 32 3.8 Trend of Tourism Expenditures 33 4.1 The Trend Tourist Arrivals in Mandalay 35 4.2 Ownership of Hotel, Motel and Inns in Mandalay 37 4.3 Trends of Tourist Arrivals and Room Development in Mandalay 39 4.4 Trends of Tourist Arrivals and No. of Beds in Mandalay 40 4.5 Income from Tourism in Mandalay (Kyats) 42 4.6 Trends of Monthly Income in US$, Mandalay (2015 – 2016) 45 4.7 Trends of Monthly Income in USD, Mandalay (2016 – 2017) 45 4.8 Trends of Monthly Income in USD, Mandalay (2017 – 2018) 46 4.9 The Trend of Tourism Income in US$, Mandalay 46 vi Sample output to test PDF Combine only LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BAC Burma Airways Corporation BEDC Burma Economic Development Corporation BIMSTEC Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation CIT Community Involvement in Tourism DHT Directorate of Hotels and Tourism DMCs Destination Management Companies DMPs Destination Management Plans DPTOA Domestic Pilgrimage & Tour Operators Association ECDR E-Commerce and Development Report FDI Foreign Direct Investment FE Foreign exchange FITs Foreign Independent Travelers GDP Gross Domestic Product GMS Greater Mekong Sub region HRD Human Resource Development MHA Myanmar Hoteliers Association MHPA Myanmar Hospitality Professionals Association MMC Myanmar Marketing Committee MOHT Ministry of Hotels and Tourism Myanmar MRA Myanmar Restaurants Association MSEA Myanmar Souvenir Entrepreneurs Association MTF Myanmar Tourism Federation MTGA Myanmar Tourist Guides Association MTHCGSA Myanmar Tourist Health Care and General Services Association MTHRDA Myanmar Tourism Human Resources Development Association MTM Myanmar Tourism Marketing MTPB Myanmar Tourism Promotion Board MTT Myanmar Travels and Tours MTTA Myanmar Tourism Transportation Association vii Sample output to test PDF Combine only OLMCs Official Language Minority Communities SHATEC Singapore Hotels and Training Education Centre SLORC State Law and Order Restoration Council SPDC State Peace and Development Council STB Singapore Tourism Board TIS Tourist Information Service TLGH Tourism Led Growth Hypothesis UMTA Union of Myanmar Travel Association UNWTO United Nations World Tourism Organization VOA Visa on Arrival WTTC World Travel and Tourism Council viii Sample output to test PDF Combine only CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale of the Study Tourism industry has become an important sector that has an impact on development of a country economy. Many countries depend on tourism industry for their economic development because tourism industry has many benefits which are creating income and generating jobs. Moreover, tourism industry is also the most important source of welfare of the country’s society. The ability of the national economy to gain benefits from tourism that depends on the availability of investment to develop the necessary infrastructure and on its ability to supply the needs of tourists. Tourism is a vast industry which provides a number of ancillary services linked to the other industries. Tourism industry is very highly competitive industry because all tourism industries provide range of products and services aimed at serving tourism and the needs of travellers or visitors. This group also indicates towards and brings the value chain of tourism industry. Besides, customer satisfaction is very necessary to achieve tourism success. All tourists are customers for tourism industry and they want to travel a country which provides good services such as very popular destinations, accommodations for visitors, delicious food and beverage, many types of transportation, professional travel tour guides, handicraft production and culture activities etc.