THE ARCHAEO+MALACOLOGY GROUP NEWSLETTER Issue Number 7, March 2005 Coordinator: Janet Ridout Sharpe, BSc ARCS 66 Radnor Road, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 0PH, UK Email: [email protected] Editorial Welcome to the seventh issue of the AMG Newsletter, which includes articles on clausiliid land snails in Turkey and the UK, Mediterranean scaphopods, an archaeomalacological anomaly from Israel and shell-working in the western Pacific, as well as abstracts of papers, a request for information, and the ICAZ Archaeomalacology Working Group Meeting report from Florida. The newsletter continues to flourish, thanks to the efforts of contributors. Please may I encourage everyone to send me short articles, research reports, abstracts of papers or any snippets of information that may be of interest to fellow archaeomalacologists. This is your opportunity to share information – I look forward to hearing from you! As always, thanks are due to Kath Szabo of the ICAZ Archaeomalacology Working Group and to Aydin Orstan for posting this newsletter on their websites: http://triton.anu.edu.au/ and http://home.earthlink.net/~aydinslibrary/AMGnews.htm, respectively. The next issue, number 8, will appear at the end of September 2005. (JRS) The land snails (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Stylommatophora: Clausiliidae) of the ancient cities in the Marmara, the Ege (Aegean) and the Akdeniz (Mediterranean) regions of Turkey Burçin Aşkım Gümüş Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey Email: [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the clausiliid fauna of the ancient cities and associated ruins and cemeteries in the Marmara, Ege (Aegean) and Akdeniz (Mediterranean) regions of Turkey. The synanthropic distribution of these species and subspecies, and the possibility of their transport by construction materials (wood, marble and limestone) are discussed. Clausiliidae were collected from 18 stations in the research area: at Troy (Çanakkale); Ephesus (Selçuk-İzmir); Notion (Ahmetbeyli-İzmir); Tralleis (Üçgözler-Aydın); the ruins of the Mausoleum, theatre and castle at Bodrum (Bodrum-Muğla); the cemeteries, Kaya Köy and the islands of Karacaören and Saint Nicholas at Telmessos (Fethiye-Muğla); Side (Manavgat- Antalya); Sillyon (Abdurrahmanlar, Serik-Antalya); Yazılı Kanyon (Çandır, Sütçüler-Isparta); Adada (Sütçüler-Isparta); Antioch (Yalvaç-Isparta); Hierapolis (Pamukkale-Denizli); and Sagalassos (Ağlasun-Burdur). Five species and one subspecies belonging of Albinaria (Alopiinae) and two species of Sprattia (Mentissoideinae) were recorded from the research area. Introduction The family Clausiliidae (the door snails) contains one-fifth of European land snail species (Welter-Schultes, 2000). Members of this family are widespread throughout the Western Palaearctic, Southern Ethiopic, Oriental, and Northern and Western Neotropical regions. In 1 Europe they reach their maximum diversity in the Balkans and the Caucasus. Geographical subspeciation is common in this family (Kerney and Cameron, 1979). Over the last 40 years the Clausiliidae of Turkey have been intensively studied by several authors (Gümüş, 2004). It is known that members of this family occur in the Marmara region (Tekirdağ, İstanbul, İzmit, Bilecik, Bursa), western Turkey (İzmir, Aydın, Balıkesir, Muğla,), southern Turkey (Antalya, Mersin, Adana, Hatay), central Turkey (Konya), the western and eastern Black Sea region (Bolu, Sinop, Kastamonu, Artvin, Rize), southeast Turkey (Gaziantep and Kahramanmaraş) and eastern Turkey (Erzurum and Kars) (Schütt, 2001). Clausiliids live on the shores of northern, western and southern Turkey and also on the Aegean Islands. They live under the ground litter in woods and in the crevices of limestone rocks. Some species prefer damp shady places whereas other species prefer to aestivate on limestone outcrops exposed to sunlight. Materials and methods Specimens were collected from 18 stations and were identified (Likharev and Rammelmeier, 1962; Nordsieck, 1963, 1993; Neubert, 1992, 1993a, 1993b; Bank and Menkhorst, 1994; Welter- Schultes, 2000; Schütt, 2001). Live specimens were preserved in 70% alcohol. All the specimens are held in the author’s personal collection. The stations were: A1: The ancient city of Truva; (Troy) Çanakkale. A2: The ancient city of Efes; (Ephesus) Selçuk-İzmir A3: The ancient city of Notiyon; (Notion) Ahmetbeyli-İzmir. A4: The ancient city of Tralleis; (Tralleis) Üçgözler-Aydın. A5: The ruins of Mosoleyum; (Mausoleum) Bodrum-Muğla. A6: The ancient theatre of Bodrum, Muğla. A7: The castle of Bodrum, Muğla. A8: The ancient cemeteries of Telmessos, Fethiye-Muğla. A9: Kaya Köy, Telmessos Antik Kenti, Fethiye-Muğla. A10: Karacaören Island, Ölüdeniz, Fethiye-Muğla. A11: Sen Nikolas Island, Ölüdeniz, Fethiye-Muğla. A12: The ancient city of Side Antik Kenti, Manavgat-Antalya. A13: The ancient city of Silyon; (Sillyon) Abdurrahmanlar, Serik-Antalya. A14: Yazılı Kanyon, Çandır, Sütçüler-Isparta. A15: The ancient city of Adada, Sütçüler-Isparta. A16: The ancient city of Antihokya; (Antioch) Yalvaç-Isparta A17: The ancient city of Hiyerapolis; (Hierapolis) Pamukkale-Denizli. A18: The ancient city of Sagalassos; Ağlasun-Burdur. Results and discussion The clausiliid taxa collected during the survey and the stations where they were found are listed in Table 1. No specimens were collected from stations A1, A4, A15, A16, A17 and A18. Fifteen species belonging to the genus Albinaria Vest, 1867 have been recorded from southwest Turkey (Shütt, 2001). A. anatolica (Roth, 1839), A. basalifera Neubert, 1992 and A. myrensis H. Nordsieck, 1993 are known to be local species that live in the Aegean and west Mediterranean districts of Turkey. A. brevicollis (L. Pfeiffer, 1850) and A. lerosiensis (L. Pfeiffer, 1841) are found in the Aegean and southwest Mediterranean districts of Turkey and also in the Dodecanese islands of Greece. A. coerulea maculata (Rossmässler, 1835) is recorded from Efes, Selçuk-İzmir. 2 Albinaria anatolica (Roth, 1839) A8, A10 Albinaria basalifera Neubert, 1992 A8, A9, A11 Albinaria brevicollis (L. Pfeiffer, 1850) A7 Albinaria coerulea maculata (Rossmässler, 1835) A2 Albinaria lerosiensis (L. Pfeiffer, 1841) A3, A5, A6 Albinaria myrensis H. Nordsieck, 1993 A12 Sprattia sowerbyana (L. Pfeiffer, 1850) A12 Sprattia sillyonensis H. Nordsieck, 1994 A13, A14 Table 1. The species and subspecies reported from the research area. Albinaria coerulea (Rossmässler, 1835) was not found in the research area. This species is known to live in İzmir, Aydın and in the Cycládes and the Sporádes islands of Greece (Welter- Schultes, 2000; Schütt, 2001). Albinaria species live preferentially on limestone rocks. Shells and live specimens were collected both from the crevices and the face of limestone outcrops during the hot and dry summer period in the research area. These species were found around the settlements in areas disturbed by humans and in natural habitats adjacent to the ancient settlements and ruins. Specimens of A. coerulea maculata were only collected from A2. A. lerosiensis was found at stations A3, A5 and A6. They were collected from the ruins of the ancient settlements near the shore and also from the limestone rocks around the ruins. It has been observed that A. lerosiensis is widespread around İzmir and Muğla (Gümüş, 2004), which suggests that this species is native to the area. Albinaria anatolica and A. basalifera were sympatric at A8, where these local species may have invaded the ancient cemetery. A. brevicollis (L. Pfeiffer, 1850) was only found at the castle of Bodrum (A7). No specimens were collected around Bodrum (Gümüş, 2004) and it is suggested that this species was introduced to the castle together with the construction materials (paper in preparation by Örstan, Yıldırım, Gümüş and Welter-Schultes). Albinaria myrensis and Sprattia sowerbyana (L. Pfeiffer, 1850) were sympatric at A12. S. sowerbyana is a local species and is widespread around Isparta and Antalya (Schütt, 2001). S. sillyonensis H. Nordsieck, 1994 is a local species (Schütt, 2001) and was collected from its type locality at A13 (the ancient city of Sillyon) and from A14. My special thanks to my mother (Nuray Kayıkçı) and my sister (Ezgi Oya Gümüş) who collected the snails with me. This paper was presented at the 1st National Malacology Congress, Izmir, Turkey, 1-3 September 2004. References Bank, R.A. and Menkhorst, H.P.M.G., 1994. Katalog der rezenten Clausiliidae (exkl. Gattung Albinaria) der Türkei (Gastropoda, Pulmonata). Deinsea, 1: 85-122. Gümüş, B.A., 2004. Taxonomic studies on the Clausiliidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) species distributed in Western Anatolia. PhD thesis, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey. 170 pp. Kerney, M.P. and Cameron, R.A.D., 1979. A field guide to the land snails of Britain and north-west Europe. London, Collins. 288 pp. Likharev, I.M. and Rammelmeier, E.S., 1962. Terrestrial molluscs of the fauna of the U.S.S.R. Second impression. Jerusalem, Israel Programme for Scientific Translations. 574 pp. Neubert, E., 1992. Descriptions of new taxa of the Clausiliidae from Turkey (Mollusca: Stylommatophora). Zoology Middle East, 7: 65-86. Neubert, E., 1993a. Zur Kenntnis der Mentissoideinae des Ostpontischen Gebirges (Gastropoda: Clausiliidae). 3 Archiv für Molluskenkunde, 122: 25-47. Neubert, E., 1993b. Systematik der Unterfamilie Clausiliinae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae) unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Mentissoideinae sensu Nordsieck, 1979. Dissertation Technische Hochschule