Antal Balog ___________________________________________ Toward an Evangelical Missiology of Humanitarian Aid Ministry 2 © Evangelical Theological Seminary, Osijek, Croatia 2007 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the publisher or the author. Academic Editorial Board Peter Kuzmic, Miroslav Volf, Aleksandar Birvis, Corneliu Constantineanu, George Harper, Marcel Macelaru Publisher Evangelical Theological Seminary Cvjetkova 32, PO Box 370 HR-31103 Osijek, Croatia www.evtos.hr / E-mail: info©evtos.hr & [email protected] English Translator Julijana Tesija Language Editor Anne Harper Cover design by TBA Print Grafika d.o.o. Osijek, Croatia This book was originally presented in April 2007 as a dissertation in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Ministry at the Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary in South Hamilton, Massachusetts, U. S. A. CIP – Katalogizacija u publikaciji GRADSKA I SVEUČILIŠNA KNJIŽNICA OSIJEK UDK 364.467(497.5 Osijek)“1991/1995“ 061.235(497.5 Osijek)“1991/1995“ BALOG, Antal Toward an Evangelical Missiology of Humanitarian Aid Ministry / Antal Balog ; <English translator Julijana Tesija>. – Osijek : Evangelical Theological Seminary, 2007. Bibliografija. ISBN: 978-953-6110-03-2 471030001 3 Dedicated to my mother Elizabeta and to my children, Antun and Tea. 4 5 Antal Balog Toward an Evangelical Missiology of Humanitarian Aid Ministry Evangelical Theological Seminary, Osijek, Croatia November 2007 6 Table of Contents Table of Contents .......................................................................................... 7 List of tables ................................................................................................. 11 Foreword ..................................................................................................... 13 Abstract ......................................................................................................... 17 1. Introduction ..............................................................................................19 2. The Problem and its setting ................................................................... 31 2.1. Ministry setting ............................................................................... 33 2.1.1. Introduction ........................................................................... 33 2.1.2. Democratic change and new mission circumstances ...... 38 2.1.3. Contours of the new mission paradigm ............................ 42 2.1.4. Conclusions ............................................................................ 45 2.2. The problem ..................................................................................... 51 2.3. Delimitations ................................................................................... 52 2.4. Expected outcomes ......................................................................... 53 2.5. Assumptions .................................................................................... 55 2.6. Research methodology ................................................................... 57 3. Theological framework for evangelical humanitarian aid ministry.. ............................................................................................. 59 3.1. Old and New Testament theology ............................................... 59 3.1.1. Old Testament theology ...................................................... 59 3.1.2. New Testament theology .....................................................62 3.1.2.1. Jesus’ teachings ...................................................... 62 3.1.2.2. The church’s deeds – announcing the Kingdom ............................................................ 63 3.1.2.3. The early church .................................................... 64 3.1.2.4. Loving our neighbor .............................................. 66 3.2. Mission and missiology ................................................................. 67 3.2.1. Missiology .............................................................................. 69 3.2.2. What mission encompasses ................................................. 70 7 3.3. Evangelism and social responsibility of evangelical churches ........................................................................... 72 3.3.1. The history of separation ..................................................... 72 3.3.2. The church’s responsibility ................................................. 73 3.3.3. The debate continues in evangelical circles ...................... 74 3.4. Christian mission and Christian relief convergence .................. 79 3.5. Christian social teaching and Christian relief ............................. 86 3.6. Conclusions ....................................................................................... 90 4. The model of the evangelical humanitarian aid organization Agape .................................................................................. 93 4.1. Founding the organization ............................................................ 95 4.2. Legal provisions regulating humanitarian work ....................... 99 4.3. The paradigms of the organization ............................................ 104 4.3.1. Social and humanitarian work – similarities and differences ............................................................................. 104 4.3.2. Vision, mission, values ....................................................... 106 4.3.3. Statement of Faith ............................................................... 108 4.3.4. Aims, tasks, and programs ................................................ 109 4.3.5. Target groups ...................................................................... 112 4.4. Organizational structure .............................................................. 114 4.5. The organization’s resource governance and management ... 120 4.5.1. Financial management ....................................................... 121 4.5.2. Material resources management ...................................... 125 4.5.3. Human resources management ........................................ 129 4.5.3.1. A Biblical leadership style .................................... 130 4.5.3.2. The volunteerism of the humanitarian work ... 134 4.5.3.3. Specific characteristics of the Agape volunteerism ........................................................... 141 4.6. Fundraising management ............................................................ 144 4.6.1. Basic idea of fundraising ................................................... 144 4.6.2. Elemental principals of fundraising ................................ 148 4.6.3. Agape fundraising experiences ......................................... 153 8 4.7. Public relations and publicity ..................................................... 155 4.7.1. Social advocacy and lobbying ........................................... 157 4.7.2. Agape and its experiences in public relations ................. 160 4.7.3. Agape’s experiences of social advocacy ........................... 162 5. Program and project management ..................................................... 167 5.1. Classification of humanitarian assistance types ........................ 169 5.2. Initiating programs and projects ................................................. 171 5.3. Humanitarian assistance programs ............................................ 174 5.3.1. Material welfare .................................................................. 174 5.3.2. Financial assistance ............................................................. 184 5.3.3. Social assistance .................................................................. 185 5.3.4. Spiritual assistance ............................................................. 191 5.3.5. Psychological assistance .................................................... 198 5.4. Humanitarian assistance projects ............................................... 201 5.4.1. Medical assistance .............................................................. 201 5.4.2. Educational assistance ....................................................... 202 5.4.3. Publishing ........................................................................... 203 5.4.4. Development projects ........................................................ 204 5.4.5. Other projects ..................................................................... 208 5.5. Change of the Agape mission paradigm ................................... 211 6. Agape regional activities ...................................................................... 213 6.1. Croatia: relief and missions .......................................................... 215 6.1.1. Agape branch offices ......................................................... 216 6.1.2. Outcomes ........................................................................... 229 6.2. Bosnia and Herzegovina: charity and church planting ........ 230 6.2.1. Agape branch organizations ............................................. 231 6.2.2. Outcomes ........................................................................... 241 6.3. Macedonia: Association for Generosity and Active Promotion of Empathy (AГАПЕ) .............................................. 244 6.3.1. Introduction .......................................................................244 6.3.2. Humanitarian aid ministry ............................................