The Politics of Home Belonging and Nostalgia in Europe and the United States Jan Willem Duyvendak ISBN: 9780230305076 DOI: 10.1057/9780230305076 Palgrave Macmillan Please respect intellectual property rights This material is copyright and its use is restricted by our standard site license terms and conditions (see http://www.palgraveconnect.com/pc/connect/info/terms_conditions.html). If you plan to copy, distribute or share in any format including, for the avoidance of doubt, posting on websites, you need the express prior permission of Palgrave Macmillan. To request permission please contact [email protected]. The Politics of Home Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Universiteit van Amsterdam - PalgraveConnect - 2015-10-12 - PalgraveConnect Amsterdam van - licensed to Universiteit www.palgraveconnect.com material from Copyright 10.1057/9780230305076 - The Politics of Home, Jan Willem Duyvendak 9780230_293991_01_prexii.indd i 5/16/2011 8:16:17 PM Also by Jan Willem Duyvendak THE POWER OF POLITICS: New Social Movements in an Old Polity, France 1965–1989 (1995) NEW SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN WESTERN EUROPE: A Comparative Analysis (1995) (co-authored) THE GLOBAL EMERGENCE OF GAY AND LESBIAN POLITICS: National Imprints of a Worldwide Movement (1999) (co-edited) LESBIAN AND GAY STUDIES: An Introductory, Interdisciplinary Approach (2000) (co-edited) POLICY, PEOPLE AND THE NEW PROFESSIONAL: De-professionalisation and Re-professionalisation in Care and Welfare (2006) (co-edited) CITIES IN SIGHT: Dutch Dealings with Urban Change (2009) (co-edited) Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Universiteit van Amsterdam - PalgraveConnect - 2015-10-12 - PalgraveConnect Amsterdam van - licensed to Universiteit www.palgraveconnect.com material from Copyright 10.1057/9780230305076 - The Politics of Home, Jan Willem Duyvendak 9780230_293991_01_prexii.indd ii 5/16/2011 8:16:18 PM The Politics of Home Belonging and Nostalgia in Western Europe and the United States Jan Willem Duyvendak University of Amsterdam Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Universiteit van Amsterdam - PalgraveConnect - 2015-10-12 - PalgraveConnect Amsterdam van - licensed to Universiteit www.palgraveconnect.com material from Copyright 10.1057/9780230305076 - The Politics of Home, Jan Willem Duyvendak 9780230_293991_01_prexii.indd iii 5/16/2011 8:16:18 PM © Jan Willem Duyvendak 2011 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2011 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN: 978–0–230–29398–4 hardback ISBN: 978–0–230–29399–1 paperback This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Duyvendak, Jan Willem. The politics of home : belonging and nostalgia in europe and the united states / Jan Willem Duyvendak. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 978–0–230–29399–1 (pbk.) 1. Nostalgia – Europe. 2. Homesickness – Europe. 3. Group identity – Europe. 4. Nostalgia – United States. 5. Homesickness – United States. 6. Group identity – United States. I. Title. Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Universiteit van Amsterdam - PalgraveConnect - 2015-10-12 - PalgraveConnect Amsterdam van - licensed to Universiteit www.palgraveconnect.com material from Copyright BF575.N6D89 2011 155.9—dc23 2011016891 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 Printed and bound in Great Britain by CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham and Eastbourne 10.1057/9780230305076 - The Politics of Home, Jan Willem Duyvendak 9780230_293991_01_prexii.indd iv 5/16/2011 8:16:18 PM For Menno van Leeuwen Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Universiteit van Amsterdam - PalgraveConnect - 2015-10-12 - PalgraveConnect Amsterdam van - licensed to Universiteit www.palgraveconnect.com material from Copyright 10.1057/9780230305076 - The Politics of Home, Jan Willem Duyvendak 9780230_293991_01_prexii.indd v 5/16/2011 8:16:18 PM Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Universiteit van Amsterdam - PalgraveConnect - 2015-10-12 - PalgraveConnect Amsterdam van - licensed to Universiteit www.palgraveconnect.com material from Copyright 10.1057/9780230305076 - The Politics of Home, Jan Willem Duyvendak 9780230_293991_01_prexii.indd vi 5/16/2011 8:16:18 PM Contents List of Tables and Figures ix Preface and Acknowledgments x Introduction 1 1 A Homesick World? 7 Introduction 7 The universalists: places without particular meaning 8 The particularists: places without universal meaning 10 Place attachments in a globalizing world 11 Sociological attachments 16 The United States: restless and rootless? 18 Western Europe: nostalgia for national homogeneity 22 2 Why Feeling at Home Matters 26 Introduction 26 Feeling at home in particular places 30 Feeling at home in generic places 33 Beyond the particular and the generic: the symbolic 36 Meanings of home 38 The emotion of feeling at home 39 3 Losing Home at Home: When Men and Women Feel More at Home at Work 43 Introduction 43 Home as hell; home as haven/heaven? 44 The marginalization of home in the US 45 - 2015-10-12 - PalgraveConnect Amsterdam van - licensed to Universiteit www.palgraveconnect.com material from Copyright The Netherlands: the part- time society 48 Scandinavian welfare states 53 Home, what home? 56 vii 10.1057/9780230305076 - The Politics of Home, Jan Willem Duyvendak 9780230_293991_01_prexii.indd vii 5/16/2011 8:16:18 PM viii Contents 4 New Ways of Home- making: Feeling at Home in the Community? 62 Introduction 62 From hell to haven: home- making by people with psychiatric and intellectual disabilities 63 From hell to heaven: moving to the Castro, a gay neighborhood in the making 74 Conclusion: the promises and pitfalls of communities 82 5 Feeling at Home in the Nation? Understanding Dutch Nostalgia 84 Introduction 84 A multicultural paradise? 85 The Dutch cultural consensus (and some dissensus) 87 The culturalization of citizenship 92 (Not) feeling at home in the Netherlands 94 America, the homeland? 104 6 Conclusion: Inclusive Ways of Feeling at Home? 106 Introduction 106 Two types of nostalgia: reflective and restorative 107 Four spheres of belonging 110 Feeling at home ‘light’ 122 Notes 125 Bibliography 129 Index 145 Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Universiteit van Amsterdam - PalgraveConnect - 2015-10-12 - PalgraveConnect Amsterdam van - licensed to Universiteit www.palgraveconnect.com material from Copyright 10.1057/9780230305076 - The Politics of Home, Jan Willem Duyvendak 9780230_293991_01_prexii.indd viii 5/16/2011 8:16:18 PM Tables and Figures Tables 1.1 Is attachment to particular places possible and/or necessary? 12 1.2 Strategies to feel at home in a mobile world 14 2.1 Strategies to feel at home in a mobile world 29 3.1 Time spent on paid work/education and housekeeping/ care by working people with children 51 3.2 Time spent on paid work and housekeeping/childcare, hours per week (2003) 54 5.1 Feeling at home in the Netherlands, by citizenship status and ethnic group 102 6.1 The four spheres of ‘home’ 112 6.2 Conceptions of ‘home’ in the four spheres 122 Figures 5.1 Diverging patterns for moral traditionalism and authoritarianism (1970–2000) 89 5.2 Diverging patterns for moral traditionalism and authoritarianism in Dutch political party programs 91 Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Universiteit van Amsterdam - PalgraveConnect - 2015-10-12 - PalgraveConnect Amsterdam van - licensed to Universiteit www.palgraveconnect.com material from Copyright ix 10.1057/9780230305076 - The Politics of Home, Jan Willem Duyvendak 9780230_293991_01_prexii.indd ix 5/16/2011 8:16:18 PM Preface and Acknowledgments The idea to write this book germinated during my sabbatical at the University of California, Berkeley, in the autumn of 2006. Coming from the Netherlands, a country immersed in nostalgia for the ‘good old days’, I was struck by a comparable nostalgia in the American public and political debate. There was, however, a big difference: in Western Europe, nostalgia focuses on the lost