MSC.Marc Volume A Theory and User Information Version 2003 Copyright 2003 MSC.Software Corporation All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A. Corporate Europe MSC.Software Corporation MSC.Software GmbH 2 MacArthur Place Am Moosfeld Santa Ana, CA 92707 81829 München, GERMANY Telephone: (714) 540-8900 Telephone: (49) (89) 431 987 0 Fax: (714) 784-4056 Fax: (49) (89) 436 1716 Asia Pacific Worldwide Web MSC Japan Ltd. www.mscsoftware.com Entsuji-Gadelius Building 2-39, Akasaka 5-chome Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-0052, JAPAN Telephone: (81) (3) 3505 0266 Fax: (81) (3) 3505 0914 Part Number: MA*V2003*Z*Z*Z*DC-VOL-A Disclaimer THE CONCEPTS, METHODS, AND EXAMPLES PRESENTED IN THE DOCUMENTATION ARE FOR ILLUSTRATIVE AND EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY, AND ARE NOT INTENDED TO BE EXHAUSTIVE OR TO APPLY TO ANY PARTICULAR ENGINEERING PROBLEM OR DESIGN. USER ASSUMES ALL RISKS AND LIABILITY FOR RESULTS OBTAINED BY THE USE OF THE COMPUTER PROGRAMS DESCRIBED HEREIN. 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MSC.Marc Volume A: Theory and User Information Contents CONTENTS MSC.Marc Volume A: Theory and User Information Preface ■ About This Manual, xvii ■ Purpose of Volume A, xviii ■ Contents of Volume A, xviii ■ How to Use This Manual, xvix Chapter 1 The MSC.Marc System ■ MSC.Marc Programs, 1-3 ❑ MSC.Marc for Analysis, 1-3 ❑ MSC.Marc Mentat or MSC.Patran for GUI, 1-3 ■ Structure of MSC.Marc, 1-5 ❑ Procedure Library, 1-5 ❑ Material Library, 1-5 ❑ Element Library, 1-5 ❑ Program Function Library, 1-5 ■ Features and Benefits of MSC.Marc, 1-6 Chapter 2 Program Initiation ■ MSC.Marc Host Systems, 2-2 ■ Workspace Requirements, 2-3 ❑ MSC.Marc Workspace Requirements, 2-3 ■ File Units, 2-6 ■ Program Initiation, 2-9 ■ Examples of Running MSC.Marc Jobs, 2-12 iv MSC.Marc Volume A: Theory and User Information Contents Chapter 3 Data Entry ■ Input Conventions, 3-2 ❑ Input of List of Items, 3-3 ❑ Examples of Lists, 3-5 ■ Parameters, 3-6 ■ Model Definition Options, 3-7 ■ History Definition Options, 3-8 ■ REZONE Option, 3-10 Chapter 4 Introduction to Mesh ■ Direct Input, 4-3 Definition ❑ Element Connectivity Data, 4-3 ❑ Nodal Coordinate Data, 4-7 ❑ Activate/Deactivate, 4-7 ■ User Subroutine Input, 4-8 ■ MESH2D, 4-9 ❑ Block Definition, 4-9 ❑ Merging of Nodes, 4-10 ❑ Block Types, 4-10 ❑ Symmetry, Weighting, and Constraints, 4-14 ❑ Additional Options, 4-15 ■ MSC.Marc Mentat, 4-16 ■ FXORD Option, 4-17 ❑ Major Classes of the FXORD Option, 4-17 ❑ Recommendations on Use of the FXORD Option, 4-22 ■ Incremental Mesh Generators, 4-23 ■ Bandwidth Optimization, 4-24 ■ Rezoning, 4-25 ■ Substructure, 4-26 ❑ Technical Background, 4-27 ❑ Scaling Element Stiffness, 4-29 ■ BEAM SECT Parameter, 4-30 ❑ OrientationoftheSectioninSpace,4-30 ❑ Definition of the Section, 4-30 MSC.Marc Volume A: Theory and User Information v Contents ■ Error Analysis, 4-33 ■ Local Adaptivity, 4-34 ❑ Number of Elements Created, 4-34 ❑ Boundary Conditions, 4-35 ❑ Location of New Nodes, 4-36 ❑ Adaptive Criteria, 4-38 ■ Global Remeshing, 4-41 ❑ Remeshing Criteria, 4-44 ❑ Remeshing Techniques, 4-46 ❑ 3-D Surface Extraction and Meshing, 4-51 Chapter 5 Structural Procedure ■ Linear Analysis, 5-3 Library ❑ Accuracy, 5-5 ❑ Error Estimates, 5-5 ❑ Adaptive Meshing, 5-5 ❑ Fourier Analysis, 5-6 ■ Nonlinear Analysis, 5-10 ❑ Geometric Nonlinearities, 5-15 ❑ Updated Lagrangian Procedure, 5-23 ❑ Nonlinear Boundary Conditions, 5-27 ❑ Buckling Analysis, 5-30 ❑ Perturbation Analysis, 5-31 ❑ Computational Procedures for Elastic-Plastic Analysis, 5-38 ❑ CREEP, 5-52 ❑ AUTO THERM CREEP (Automatic Thermally Loaded Elastic-Creep/Elastic-Plastic-Creep Stress Analysis), 5-57 ❑ Viscoelasticity, 5-58 ❑ Viscoplasticity, 5-59 ■ Fracture Mechanics, 5-61 ❑ Linear Fracture Mechanics, 5-61 ❑ Nonlinear Fracture Mechanics, 5-63 ❑ Numerical Evaluation of the J-integral, 5-65 ❑ Modeling Considerations, 5-67 ❑ Dynamic Crack Propagation, 5-68 ❑ Dynamic Fracture Methodology, 5-69 vi MSC.Marc Volume A: Theory and User Information Contents ■ Dynamics, 5-70 ❑ Eigenvalue Analysis, 5-70 ❑ Transient Analysis, 5-74 ❑ Harmonic Response, 5-84 ❑ Spectrum Response, 5-88 ■ Rigid-Plastic Flow, 5-90 ❑ Steady State Analysis, 5-91 ❑ Transient Analysis, 5-91 ❑ Technical Background, 5-91 ■ Superplasticity, 5-93 ■ Soil Analysis, 5-97 ❑ Technical Formulation, 5-98 ■ Design Sensitivity Analysis, 5-102 ❑ Theoretical Considerations, 5-104 ■ Design Optimization, 5-106 ❑ Approximation of Response Functions Over the Design Space, 5-107 ❑ Improvement of the Approximation, 5-110 ❑ The Optimization Algorithm, 5-110 ❑ MSC.Marc User Interface for Sensitivity Analysis and Optimization, 5-111 ■ Transfer Axisymmetric Analysis Data to 3-D Analysis, 5-115 ❑ Load and Displacement Boundary Conditions Transfer from Axisymmetric Analysis to 3-D using Curve Shift, 5-115 ■ Steady State Rolling Analysis, 5-118 ❑ Kinematics, 5-118 ❑ Inertia Effect, 5-120 ❑ Rolling Contact, 5-121 ❑ Steady State Rolling with MSC.Marc, 5-121 ■ References, 5-123 MSC.Marc Volume A: Theory and User Information vii Contents Chapter 6 Nonstructural Procedure ■ Heat Transfer, 6-3 Library ❑ Thermal Contact, 6-5 ❑ Convergence Controls, 6-5 ❑ Steady State Analysis, 6-6 ❑ Transient Analysis, 6-6 ❑ Temperature Effects, 6-8 ❑ Initial Conditions, 6-10 ❑ Boundary Conditions, 6-10 ❑ Radiation Viewfactors, 6-12 ❑ Conrad Gap, 6-19 ❑ Channel, 6-21 ❑ Output, 6-22 ■ Hydrodynamic Bearing, 6-25 ❑ Technical Background, 6-27 ■ Electrostatic Analysis, 6-30 ❑ Technical Background, 6-31 ■ Magnetostatic Analysis, 6-33 ❑ Technical Background, 6-34 ■ Electromagnetic Analysis, 6-39 ❑ Technical Background, 6-40 ■ Piezoelectric Analysis, 6-44 ❑ Technical Background, 6-45 ❑ Strain Based Piezoelectric Coupling, 6-47 ■ Acoustic Analysis, 6-49 ❑ Rigid Cavity Acoustic Analysis, 6-49 ❑ Technical Background, 6-49 ❑ Coupled Acoustic-Structural Analysis, 6-51 ❑ Technical Background, 6-51 viii MSC.Marc Volume A: Theory and User Information Contents ■ Fluid Mechanics, 6-56 ❑ Finite Element Formulation, 6-59 ❑ Penalty Method, 6-62 ❑ Steady State Analysis, 6-63 ❑ Transient Analysis, 6-63 ❑ Solid Analysis, 6-63 ❑ Solution of Coupled Problems in Fluids, 6-64 ❑ Degrees of Freedom, 6-64 ❑ Element Types, 6-65 ■ Coupled Analyses, 6-67 ❑ Thermal Mechanically Coupled Analysis, 6-69 ❑ Fluid/Solid Interaction – Added Mass Approach, 6-71 ❑ Coupled Thermal-Electrical Analysis (Joule Heating), 6-73 ❑ Coupled Electrical-Thermal-Mechanical Analysis, 6-76 ■ References, 6-79 Chapter 7 Material Library ■ Linear Elastic Material, 7-3 ■ Composite Material, 7-6 ❑ Layered Materials, 7-7 ❑ Material Preferred Direction, 7-10 ❑ Material Dependent Failure Criteria, 7-14 ❑ Interlaminar Shear for Thick Shell and Beam Elements, 7-20 ❑ Interlaminar Stresses for Continuum Composite Elements, 7-21 ❑ Progressive Composite Failure, 7-22 ■ Gasket, 7-23 ❑ Constitutive Model, 7-23 ■ Nonlinear Hypoelastic Material, 7-30 ■ Thermo-Mechanical Shape Memory Model, 7-31 ❑ Transformation Induced Deformation, 7-32 ❑ Constitutive Theory, 7-34 ❑ Phase Transformation Strains, 7-35 ❑ Experimental Data Fitting for Thermo-mechanical Shape Memory Alloy, 7-37 MSC.Marc Volume A: Theory and User Information ix Contents ■ Mechanical Shape Memory Model, 7-43 ❑ Experimental Data Fitting for Mechanical Shape Memory Alloy, 7-47 ■ Elastomer, 7-48 ❑ Updated Lagrange Formulation for Nonlinear Elasticity, 7-59 ■ Time-independent Inelastic Behavior, 7-61 ❑ Yield Conditions, 7-64 ❑ Mohr-Coulomb Material (Hydrostatic Stress Dependence), 7-70 ❑ Buyukozturk Criterion (Hydrostatic Stress Dependence), 7-72 ❑ Powder Material, 7-73 ❑ Workhardening Rules, 7-76 ❑ Flow Rule, 7-83 ❑ Constitutive Relations, 7-84 ❑ Time-independent Cyclic Plasticity, 7-88 ■ Time-dependent Inelastic Behavior, 7-92 ❑ Creep (Maxwell Model), 7-97 ❑ Oak Ridge National Laboratory Laws, 7-101 ❑ Swelling,