Marlow Historic Town Assessment Draft Report Great Marlow Historic Town Assessment Report Consultation Draft Stratton House, West Street Marlow Historic Town Assessment Draft Report Summary .................................................................................................................................................. 4 I DESCRIPTION................................................................................................................................... 8 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 8 1.1 Project Background.................................................................................................................. 8 1.2 Aims ......................................................................................................................................... 8 2 Setting ............................................................................................................................................. 10 2.1 Location, Topography & Geology .......................................................................................... 10 2.2 Wider Landscape ................................................................................................................... 10 3 Evidence.......................................................................................................................................... 16 3.1 Historic Maps.......................................................................................................................... 16 3.2 Documentary Evidence .......................................................................................................... 16 3.3 Built Heritage.......................................................................................................................... 16 3.4 Archaeological Evidence........................................................................................................ 19 3.5 Environmental Evidence ........................................................................................................ 23 4 Archaeological & Historical Development................................................................................... 25 4.1 Early Prehistoric period (c.500,000 BC – 4,000 BC) ............................................................. 25 4.2 Later Prehistoric (4,000 BC – AD 43) .................................................................................... 25 4.3 Roman synthesis and components (AD 43 – 410) ................................................................ 26 4.4 Saxon synthesis and components (AD 410 – 1066).............................................................. 28 4.5 Medieval synthesis and components (1066-1536) ................................................................ 31 4.6 Post medieval synthesis and components (1536-1800) ........................................................ 40 4.7 Modern synthesis and components (1800-Present) .............................................................. 49 II ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................................................. 64 5 Designations................................................................................................................................... 64 5.1 Conservation Areas (CA) ....................................................................................................... 65 5.2 Registered Parks and Gardens.............................................................................................. 65 5.3 Archaeological Notification Areas .......................................................................................... 65 5.4 Scheduled Monuments .......................................................................................................... 65 5.5 Listed Buildings ...................................................................................................................... 65 6 Historic Urban Zones..................................................................................................................... 66 6.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................. 66 6.2 Historic Urban Zones ............................................................................................................. 66 6.3 Archaeological Assessment................................................................................................... 66 6.4 Heritage Values...................................................................................................................... 69 6.5 Historic Settlement ................................................................................................................. 71 6.6 Modern Settlement................................................................................................................. 80 7 Management Recommendations .................................................................................................. 85 7.1 Conservation Area Appraisals................................................................................................ 85 7.2 Registered Parks and Gardens.............................................................................................. 85 7.3 Archaeological Notification Areas .......................................................................................... 85 7.4 Scheduled Monuments .......................................................................................................... 85 7.5 Listed Buildings ...................................................................................................................... 85 8 Research Agenda ........................................................................................................................... 86 8.1 Prehistoric .............................................................................................................................. 86 8.2 Roman.................................................................................................................................... 86 8.3 Anglo Saxon........................................................................................................................... 86 8.4 Medieval................................................................................................................................. 86 8.5 Post Medieval......................................................................................................................... 86 9 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................... 87 10 Addresses ................................................................................................................................... 89 1 Appendix: Chronology & Glossary of Terms .............................................................................. 90 1.1 Chronology (taken from Unlocking Buckinghamshire’s Past Website).................................. 90 1.2 Glossary of Terms.................................................................................................................. 90 2 Appendix: HER Records................................................................................................................ 91 2.1 Monuments HER Report ........................................................................................................ 91 2.2 Landscapes HER Reports...................................................................................................... 92 2.3 Find Spots .............................................................................................................................. 92 2.4 Listed Buildings ...................................................................................................................... 94 3 Appendix: Trade Listings and Population Data .......................................................................... 99 4 Appendix: Historical Consultancy Report................................................................................. 101 2 Marlow Historic Town Assessment Draft Report List of Illustrations Figure 1: Urban Character Zones for Marlow............................................................................................ 6 Figure 2: Marlow in location....................................................................................................................... 9 Figure 3: Geology around Marlow (BGS) ................................................................................................ 12 Figure 4: Diagram of Connections from Marlow (representational only)................................................. 13 Figure 5: The nineteenth century town in its historic landscape setting (Bucks Historic Landscape Characterisation) ..................................................................................................................................... 14 Figure 6: Settlement pattern around Marlow ........................................................................................... 15 Figure 7: Listed Buildings by century ...................................................................................................... 16 Figure 8: Historic maps...........................................................................................................................