Managing the Risks: International Level and 7 Integration across Scales Coordinating Lead Authors: Ian Burton (Canada), O. Pauline Dube (Botswana) Lead Authors: Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum (Switzerland), Ian Davis (UK), Richard J.T. Klein (Sweden), Joanne Linnerooth-Bayer (USA), Apurva Sanghi (USA), Ferenc Toth (Austria) Review Editors: Joy Jacqueline Pereira (Malaysia), Linda Sygna (Norway) Contributing Authors: Neil Adger (UK), Thea Dickinson (Canada), Kris Ebi (USA), Md. Tarik ul Islam (Canada / Bangladesh), Clarisse Kehler Siebert (Sweden) This chapter should be cited as: Burton, I., O.P. Dube, D. Campbell-Lendrum, I. Davis, R.J.T. Klein, J. Linnerooth-Bayer, A. Sanghi, and F. Toth, 2012: Managing the risks: international level and integration across scales. In: Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation [Field, C.B., V. Barros, T.F. Stocker, D. Qin, D.J. Dokken, K.L. Ebi, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, G.-K. Plattner, S.K. Allen, M. Tignor, and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY, USA, pp. 393-435. 393 Managing the Risks: International Level and Integration across Scales Chapter 7 Table of Contents Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................396 7.1. The International Level of Risk Management..........................................................................398 7.1.1. Context and Background..................................................................................................................................................398 7.1.2. Related Questions and Chapter Structure .......................................................................................................................398 7.2. Rationale for International Action ...........................................................................................398 7.2.1. Systemic Risks and International Security.......................................................................................................................399 7.2.2. Economic Efficiency..........................................................................................................................................................399 7.2.3. Shared Responsibility.......................................................................................................................................................400 7.2.4. Subsidiarity ......................................................................................................................................................................401 7.2.5. Legal Obligations .............................................................................................................................................................401 7.2.5.1. Scope of International Law, Managing Risks, and Adaptation .........................................................................................................401 7.2.5.2. International Conventions ................................................................................................................................................................402 7.2.5.3. Customary Law and Soft Law Principles...........................................................................................................................................402 7.2.5.4. Non-Legally Binding Instruments......................................................................................................................................................402 7.3. Current International Governance and Institutions.................................................................403 7.3.1. The Hyogo Framework for Action....................................................................................................................................403 7.3.1.1. Evolution and Description.................................................................................................................................................................403 7.3.1.2. Status of Implementation .................................................................................................................................................................404 7.3.2. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change....................................................................................406 7.3.2.1. Evolution and Description.................................................................................................................................................................406 7.3.2.2. Status of Implementation .................................................................................................................................................................406 7.3.3. Current Actors ..................................................................................................................................................................408 7.3.3.1. International Coordination in Linking Disaster Risk Management and Climate Change Adaptation ...............................................408 7.3.3.2. International Technical and Operational Support..............................................................................................................................409 7.3.3.3. International Finance Institutions and Donors..................................................................................................................................410 7.4. Options, Constraints, and Opportunities for Disaster Risk Management and Climate Change Adaptation at the International Level....................................................411 7.4.1. International Law.............................................................................................................................................................411 7.4.1.1. Limits and Constraints of International Law.....................................................................................................................................411 7.4.1.2. Opportunities for the Application of International Law....................................................................................................................412 7.4.2. International Finance .......................................................................................................................................................412 7.4.3. Technology Transfer and Cooperation..............................................................................................................................414 7.4.3.1. Technology and Climate Change Adaptation....................................................................................................................................414 7.4.3.2. Technologies for Extreme Events ......................................................................................................................................................416 7.4.3.3. Financing Technology Transfer ..........................................................................................................................................................417 7.4.4. Risk Sharing and Transfer.................................................................................................................................................418 7.4.4.1. International Risk Sharing and Transfer............................................................................................................................................418 7.4.4.2. International Risk-Sharing and Transfer Mechanisms .......................................................................................................................418 7.4.4.3. Value Added by International Interventions .....................................................................................................................................420 7.4.5. Knowledge Acquisition, Management, and Dissemination .............................................................................................421 7.4.5.1. Knowledge Acquisition .....................................................................................................................................................................421 7.4.5.2. Knowledge Organization, Sharing, and Dissemination.....................................................................................................................422 394 Chapter 7 Managing the Risks: International Level and Integration across Scales 7.5. Considerations for Future Policy and Research .......................................................................425 7.6. Integration across Scales .........................................................................................................426 7.6.1. The Status of Integration.................................................................................................................................................426 7.6.2. Integration at a Spatial Scale ..........................................................................................................................................427 7.6.3. Integration at a Temporal Scale.......................................................................................................................................427 7.6.4. Integration at a Functional Scale.....................................................................................................................................427