Public Disclosure Authorized GOVERNMENT OF KENYA EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT Social Assessment Report Public Disclosure Authorized Kenya Development Response to Displacement Impacts Project (KDRDIP) Additional Financing (P166266) Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized May 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of abbreviations and acronyms ................................................................................................................ iv Executive summary ........................................................................................................................................... vi 1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Project summary .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Project development objectives ....................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Project components ......................................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Objectives of the social assessment (SA) ........................................................................................ 4 1.5 Methods ........................................................................................................................................... 4 2.0 Legal and administrative frameworks ....................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Administrative framework .............................................................................................................. 7 2.2 Legal framework governing the hosting of refugees in Kenya ....................................................... 8 2.3 Vulnerable and marginalized groups and indigenous peoples ....................................................... 10 2.4 World Bank safeguard policies ...................................................................................................... 11 3.0 Socio-economic information on the five sub-counties .............................................................................. 13 3.1 UNHCR involvement ..................................................................................................................... 13 3.2 Wajir County and Wajir South Sub-County ................................................................................... 14 3.2.1 Wajir South sub-County ............................................................................................. 15 3.3 Turkana County and Turkana West Sub-County ........................................................................... 16 3.3.1 Turkana West sub-County .......................................................................................... 16 3.4 Garissa County, Dadaab, Fafi and Lagdera Sub-Counties ............................................................. 17 3.4.1 Dadaab sub-County..................................................................................................... 18 3.4.2 Fafi sub-County .......................................................................................................... 19 3.4.3 Lagdera sub-County .................................................................................................... 20 4.0 Informed consultations and main findings ............................................................................................... 21 4.1 Livelihoods, ethnicity, household structure and leadership ........................................................... 21 4.2 Community involvement in development projects ......................................................................... 23 4.3 Relations between the host communities and refugees .................................................................. 25 4.4 Kenyans registered as refugees ...................................................................................................... 26 5.0 CATEGORIZATION OF VMGS IN THE PROJECT SITES ...................................... 28 5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 28 5.2 Categorization of VMGs/IPs..................................................................................... 28 5.3 Ethnic/clan based categorization ............................................................................... 30 5.4 Women as VMGs ...................................................................................................... 31 5.5 The Youth ................................................................................................................. 32 5.6 Pastoralist Drop-Outs ................................................................................................ 34 5.7 Street children ........................................................................................................... 34 5.8 Persons with Disability ............................................................................................. 34 5.9 Older Persons ............................................................................................................ 35 6.0 Potential benefits and adverse effects of the proposed investment ........................................................ 36 6.1 Potential benefits by component .................................................................................................... 36 6.2 Cross-cutting benefits ..................................................................................................................... 41 6.3 Enhanced participation of host communities in Project implementation, monitoring and evaluation ....................................................................................................................................... 42 6.4 On-going tensions and potential conflict over natural resource use and livelihoods ..................... 43 6.5 Likely impact, future livelihoods and settlement patterns once the refugees depart ...................... 44 6.6 Relationship of different groups and conflict potential of the Project............................................ 45 6.7 Institutional safeguards ................................................................................................................... 47 6.8 Social risk rating and mitigation measures ..................................................................................... 48 7.0 Complaints and grievance redress mechanisms ....................................................................................... 51 7.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 51 7.2 Existing CGRMs ....................................................................................................... 51 KDRDIP Additional Financing Social Assessment Report (May 2018) ii 7.3 Proposed CGRMs ..................................................................................................... 53 8.0 Monitoring and evaluation of project progress and impacts .......................................... 54 9.0 Conclusions and recommendations ........................................................................................................... 56 9.1 Conclusions .................................................................................................................................... 56 9.2 Recommendations .......................................................................................................................... 57 References ........................................................................................................................................... 59 Annexes Annex 1: In-Depth Interview Guide ...................................................................................... 62 Annex 2: Focus Group Discussion Guide .............................................................................. 64 Annex 3: List of People Consulted During the Social Assessment ....................................... 66 Annex 4: Distribution of National and County Governments’ Functions ............................. 75 Annex 5: Socio-Economic Indicators for The Project Sites .................................................. 78 Annex 6: Analysis of the Key Concerns and Considerations on the Proposed Interventions in Dadaab ................................................................................................................................... 80 Annex 7: Analysis of the Key Concerns and Considerations On the Proposed Interventions in Kakuma .................................................................................................................................. 83 Annex 8: Project Activities, Issues, Mitigation Measures and Key Stakeholders for KDRDIP Interventions .......................................................................................................................... 87 List of Tables Table 1: Beneficiary details .................................................................................................... 3 Table 2: Description of project components ........................................................................... 3 Table 3: Keys issues addressed in the FGDs and IDIs ..........................................................