www.pwc.com Study on Pilotage Exemption Certificates Final Report 18 September 2012 Submitted to: European Commission Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport Version: 1.4 Prepared by PwC in partnership with: Final Report Pilotage Exemption Certificates Disclaimer PwC1 and Panteia2 present a study on “Pilotage Exemption Certificates”. This study was prepared by PwC and Panteia for the European Commission (the “Commission”) of the European Union, Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport. The European Union holds the copyright of this report. Information published in this report can be reproduced only if reference is made to this report. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not represent any official view of the Commission. PwC and Panteia do not accept or assume any liability or duty of care for any other purpose or to any other party. PwC and Panteia shall not be liable in respect of any loss, damage or expense of whatsoever nature which may be caused by any use of this report. PwC and Panteia do not accept or assume any liability or duty of care regarding the accuracy of the sources of information cited in the study. As part of this process, PwC and Panteia contacted the national administrations of European Member States, Croatia and Norway, ports, pilotage service providers, shipping lines and Masters as relevant stakeholders, asking them some questions about legal and procedural aspects of pilotage services, cost and dues of pilotage, Pilotage Exemption Certificates (PECs) and shore-based pilotage. This study presents an overview of pilotage systems across the European Union (EU), Croatia and Norway, based on data and statistics collected during the survey and in-depth interviews. Filename and Document version PEC Final Report v1.4 18Sept2012.doc (Amended) Document Release Date 18 September 2012 Corrected version Amended3 on 13 February 2013 1 Diego Artuso, Naomi Coleman, Capt. Tom Drennan, Federica Fotino, Valerio Gori, Anne McGregor. 2 Menno Langeveld, Iliyana Lilova. 3 On page 24, added footnote 5. On page 45, “22 stations in the city” has been substituted with “22 stations in the mainland”. On page 57, text has been amended to explain that in Portugal since 2002 the supervisory body is the IPTM. On page 59, in Figure 21 “Port of Koper D.O.O.” has been amended with “Piloti Koper D.O.O.” On page 80, “PEC organisations” has been amended with “Pilot organisations” . On page 91, added footnote36. On page 96, the sentence “Private pilotage providers in some instances have the power to set the criteria and level of pilotage dues” has been amended with the sentence “Pilotage providers in some instances have the power to set the criteria and level of pilotage dues”. On page 11, the Executive summary has been modified to take into account the same corrections. On page 100, Table 15 has been modified to take into account that in France and Poland, the pilotage dues are calculated based on the “Volume”. Furthermore, according to EMPA (European Maritime Pilots Association), distance is not a relevant criterion in Portugal. On page 117, Lithuania and Portugal do not require vessels to be registered in that country or flying the national flag in order to be exempted from pilotage. Executive summary on page 12 has been modified accordingly. On page 113, added footnote 47. On page 130, updated footnote 58. On page 140, added footnote 73. On page 141, added footnote 75. On page 141, added footnote 76. On page 143, added footnote 79. On page 151, in Table 49 the following sentence “The PEC is limited to vessels with a maximum gross tonnage” has been substituted with the following ”The PEC is limited to vessels with the gross tonnage the Master commands (has commanded) when he applies for a PEC”. On page 158, paragraph 2.8.6.3 has been modified following a clarification by the Danish Pilotage Authority on the number of manoeuvres required for obtaining a PEC. Executive summary on page 13, Table 50 on page 153, Figure 33 on page 159 and Table 52 on page 161 have been modified accordingly. On page 184, The following sentence referring Germany has been added: “Payment of pilotage fees (pilots costs and wages) is not required”. Page 16 has been modified to include the same information. On page 203, Figure 38 has been amended with correct rates of accidents for Finland, Norway, Poland and Sweden. The comment to the chart has been modified to take into account the correct figures. On page 16, the Executive summary has been modified to take into account the same corrections. On page 238, the sentence “42% of responding ports expressed this view” has been amended with “58% of responding ports expressed this view”, which corresponds with the survey results and with the linked Figure 44. PwC and Panteia Page 2 Final Report Pilotage Exemption Certificates Table of contents: Executive Summary........................................................................................................................................................9 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................18 1.1 Recap of study objectives ..................................................................................................................................18 1.2 Structure of this report ......................................................................................................................................18 2 Description and analysis of pilotage systems within the European maritime market........................................19 2.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................19 2.2 Survey of national administrations and methodological approach ................................................................19 2.3 Legislative aspects of pilotage........................................................................................................................... 21 2.3.1 General legislation governing pilotage .................................................................................................. 21 2.3.2 Definition of pilotage within the legislation .......................................................................................... 31 2.3.3 Legal structure of pilotage ......................................................................................................................36 2.4 Pilot responsibilities and legal authority on board..........................................................................................62 2.4.1 Pilot’s responsibilities on board .............................................................................................................62 2.4.2 Legal authority on board ........................................................................................................................62 2.4.3 Refusal of missions .................................................................................................................................66 2.5 Liabilities............................................................................................................................................................ 71 2.5.1 An overview of liabilities in relation to pilotage exemptions ............................................................... 71 2.5.2 Detailed description of trends across the EU, Croatia and Norway.....................................................73 2.5.3 Pilots and PEC holders’ liabilities ......................................................................................................... 80 2.5.4 Pilot organization liabilities and liabilities in case of shore-based pilotage........................................87 2.6 Service level and waiting time for pilotage service ..........................................................................................91 2.6.1 Service level and quality requirements for pilotage service .................................................................91 2.6.2 Turn-around and waiting times .............................................................................................................94 2.7 Pilotage dues ......................................................................................................................................................96 2.7.1 Responsibility for setting pilotage dues.................................................................................................96 2.7.2 General criteria for setting pilotage dues ..............................................................................................99 2.7.3 Examples of pilotage fees .....................................................................................................................106 2.8 Compulsory pilotage, exemptions and PECs.................................................................................................. 116 2.8.1 Compulsory pilotage across Member States, Norway and Croatia .................................................... 116 2.8.2 PECs across the EU, Croatia and Norway............................................................................................ 137 2.8.3 Rationale for pilotage exemptions .......................................................................................................145 2.8.4 Entities responsible for granting PECs...............................................................................................