Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine Publications 12-2009 Pathogenomics of the Virulence Plasmids of Escherichia coli Timothy J. Johnson University of Minnesota Lisa K. Nolan Iowa State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/vmpm_pubs Part of the Veterinary Microbiology and Immunobiology Commons, and the Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Epidemiology, and Public Health Commons The ompc lete bibliographic information for this item can be found at http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ vmpm_pubs/21. For information on how to cite this item, please visit http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ howtocite.html. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine Publications by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Pathogenomics of the Virulence Plasmids of Escherichia coli Abstract Bacterial plasmids are self-replicating, extrachromosomal elements that are key agents of change in microbial populations. They promote the dissemination of a variety of traits, including virulence, enhanced fitness, resistance to antimicrobial agents, and metabolism of rare substances.Escherichia coli, perhaps the most studied of microorganisms, has been found to possess a variety of plasmid types. Included among these are plasmids associated with virulence. Several types of E. coli virulence plasmids exist, including those essential for the virulence of enterotoxigenic E. coli, enteroinvasive E. coli, enteropathogenic E. coli, enterohemorrhagic E. coli, enteroaggregative E. coli, and extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli. Despite their diversity, these plasmids belong to a few plasmid backbones that present themselves in a conserved and syntenic manner. Thanks to some recent research, including sequence analysis of several representative plasmid genomes and molecular pathogenesis studies, the evolution of these virulence plasmids and the implications of their acquisition by E. coli are now better understood and appreciated. Here, work involving each of the E. coli virulence plasmid types is summarized, with the available plasmid genomic sequences for several E. colipathotypes being compared in an effort to understand the evolution of these plasmid types and define their orc e and accessory components. Disciplines Veterinary Microbiology and Immunobiology | Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Epidemiology, and Public Health Comments This article is from Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 73, no. 4 (December 2009): 750–774, doi:10.1128/MMBR.00015-09. This article is available at Iowa State University Digital Repository: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/vmpm_pubs/21 Pathogenomics of the Virulence Plasmids of Escherichia coli Timothy J. Johnson and Lisa K. Nolan Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 2009, 73(4):750. DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.00015-09. Downloaded from Updated information and services can be found at: http://mmbr.asm.org/content/73/4/750 These include: http://mmbr.asm.org/ REFERENCES This article cites 197 articles, 108 of which can be accessed free at: http://mmbr.asm.org/content/73/4/750#ref-list-1 CONTENT ALERTS Receive: RSS Feeds, eTOCs, free email alerts (when new articles cite this article), more» CORRECTIONS An erratum has been published regarding this article. To view this page, please click here on May 6, 2013 by IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY Information about commercial reprint orders: http://journals.asm.org/site/misc/reprints.xhtml To subscribe to to another ASM Journal go to: http://journals.asm.org/site/subscriptions/ MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REVIEWS, Dec. 2009, p. 750–774 Vol. 73, No. 4 1092-2172/09/$12.00 doi:10.1128/MMBR.00015-09 Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Pathogenomics of the Virulence Plasmids of Escherichia coli Timothy J. Johnson1* and Lisa K. Nolan2 Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108,1 and Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 500112 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................................750 A Brief History of Bacterial Plasmids .................................................................................................................750 Downloaded from Plasmid Incompatibility and Classification ........................................................................................................751 Pathotypes and Plasmids.......................................................................................................................................751 ETEC VIRULENCE PLASMIDS..............................................................................................................................753 Human ETEC Plasmids.........................................................................................................................................753 Porcine ETEC Plasmids.........................................................................................................................................756 K99 plasmids.......................................................................................................................................................756 987P plasmids .....................................................................................................................................................756 K88 plasmids.......................................................................................................................................................756 F18 plasmids........................................................................................................................................................757 http://mmbr.asm.org/ EAEC PLASMIDS ......................................................................................................................................................757 EIEC AND SHIGELLA INVASION PLASMIDS ...................................................................................................758 EHEC AND STEC VIRULENCE PLASMIDS........................................................................................................760 EPEC VIRULENCE PLASMIDS..............................................................................................................................762 ExPEC PLASMIDS.....................................................................................................................................................762 ColV and ColBM Plasmids....................................................................................................................................763 Vir Plasmid..............................................................................................................................................................764 PHYLOGENY OF E. COLI PLASMIDS .................................................................................................................765 RepFIB Plasmids ....................................................................................................................................................765 RepFIIA Plasmids...................................................................................................................................................767 on May 6, 2013 by IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY RepI1 Plasmids .......................................................................................................................................................768 CONCLUDING REMARKS......................................................................................................................................768 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...........................................................................................................................................770 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................................770 INTRODUCTION as IncF. Thanks to recent genome sequencing efforts, the evo- lution of these IncF-type virulence plasmids and the implica- Bacterial plasmids are self-replicating, extrachromosomal tions of their acquisition by a host E. coli strain are now replicons that are key agents of change in microbial popula- beginning to be better understood. tions (1, 63). Naturally occurring plasmids are able to promote the dissemination of a variety of traits including drug resis- tance, virulence, and the metabolism of rare substances (63a). A Brief History of Bacterial Plasmids Recombinant plasmids have been essential to the field of E. L. Tatum and Joshua Lederberg first described their work molecular biology, but the wild-type plasmids from which involving genetic recombination in Escherichia coli in 1947 Esch- these tools were derived are often underappreciated. (180). In 1953, they described “sex in bacteria,” a body of work erichia coli , perhaps the most-studied microorganism, has that was among the earliest to use the terms “episome” and been found to possess a variety of plasmid types including “plasmid” to describe extranuclear structures capable of repro-