DOCUMENT RESUME ED 217 093 UD 022 191 TITLE School Desegregation. Hearings before the Subcommittee on Civil and Constitutional Rights of the Committee on the Judiciary. House of Representatives, Ninety-Seventh Congress, First Session (September 17, 21, 23, October 7, 14, 19, 21, 29, November 4 and 19, 1981). Serial No. 26. INSTITUTION Congress of the U.S., Washington, D.C. House Committee on the Judiciary. PUB DATE 81 NOTE 1,051p.; Not available in paper copy due to reproduction quality of original document. For a related document, see UD 022 192. EDRS PRICE MF07 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS Academic Achievement; Civil Rights; Community Attitudes; Constitutional Law; *Court Litigation; *Desegregation Effects; *Desegregation Methods; Elementary Secondary Education; Federal Legislation; Hearings; Minority Groups; Neighbofhood Integration; Parent Attitudes; *Public Opinion; *Public Policy; Racial Discrimination; *School Desegregation; Social Influences; Urban to Suburban Migration; Whites IDENTIFIERS Congress 97th ABSTRACT This is the record of a aeries of Congressional subcommittee hearings on the progress, problems, and effectiveness of desegregation efforts in public schools. Included are statements and testimonies of educators, social scientists, legal Scholars, public officials, and parents on the relative advantages and disadvantages of various desegregation methods; the effects of school desegregation on educational programs, academic achievement,housing patterns, and white flight; methods of implementing desegregation plans; and related issues. Descriptions of actual experiences with school desegregation in different communities, the results of research, and journal and newspaper articles serve to provide background information and to support statements concerning the effects of and public attitudes toward school desegregation. Discussions among subcommittee- members and witnesses are recorded verbatim. (MJL) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** SCHOOL DESEGREGATION r-r\ a- CD HEARINGS BEFORE THE C=n 1.1-1 SUBCOMMITTEE ON CIVIL AND CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS OF THE COO:MEE ON TAE JUDICIARY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES NINETY-SEVENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION ON SCHOOL DESEGREGATION SEPTEMBER 17, 21, 23, OCTOBER 7, 14, 19, 21, 29, NOVEMBER 4 AND 19, 1981 US DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Serial No. 26 NATIOWU ILMITIA( (11DUCATION J. Printed for the Committee on the Judiciary rl 0 SCHOOL DESEGREGATION HEARINGS BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON CIVIL AND CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS OF THE COMMITTEE ON NE JUDICIARY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES NINETY-SEVENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION ON SCHOOL DESEGREGATION SEPTEMBER 17, 21, 23, OCTOBER 7, 14, 19, 21, 29, NOVEMBER 4 AND 19, 1981 Serial No. 26 Printed for the Committee on the Judiciary U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 88-140 0 IVASHINOTON: 1982 COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY PETER W. RODIN°,JR.,New Jersey, Chairman JACK BROOKS, Texas ROBERT-McCLORY, Illinois ROBERT W. KASTENMEIER, Wisconsin TOM RAILSBACK, Illinois DON EDWARDS, California HAMILTON FISH,JR.,New York JOHN CONYERS,JR.,Michigan M. CALDWELL BUTLER, Virginia JOHN F. SEIBERLING, Ohio CARLOS J. MOORHEAD, California GEORGE E. DANIELSON, California JOHN M. ASHBROOK, Ohio ROMANO L MAZZOLL Kentucky HENRY J. HYDE, Illinois WILLIAM J. HUGHES, New Jersey THOMAS N. KINDNESS, Ohio SAM B. HALL,JR.,Texas HAROLD S SAWYER, Michigan MIKE SYNAR, Oklahoma DAN LUNGREN, California PATRICIA SCHROEDER, Colorado F. JAMES SENSENBRENNER,JR., BILLY LEE EVANS, Georgia Wisconsin DAN GLICKMAN, Kansas BILL NIcCOLLUNI, Florida HAROLD WASHINGTON, Illinois BARNEY FRANK, Massachusetts ALANA.PARKER,General Counsel GARNERJ.CLINE,Staff Director FRANKLING.POLK.Associate Counsel SUBCOMMITTEE ON CIVIL AND CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS DON EDWARDS, California. Chairman ROBERT W. KASTENMEIER, Wisconsin HENRY J. HYDE, Iii:nois PATRICIA SCHROEDER, Colorado F. JAMES SENSENBRENNER,JR., HAROLD WASHINGTON, Illinois Wisconsin DAN LUNGREN, California CATHERINE A.LeRoy, Counsel JANICE E.COOIT.1:,Assistant Counsel THOMASM. Born, Associate Counsel CONT -ENTS Page September 17, 1981 1 September 21, 1981 85 September 23, 1981 179 October 7, 1981 243 October 14, 1981 303 October 19, 1981 381 October 21, 1981 419 October 29, 1981 445 November 4, 1981 531 November 19, 1981 599 WITNESSES Alexander, Paul, acting general counsel, U.S. Commissionon Civil Rights 252 Armor, Dr. David, Rand Corp 192 Prepared statement 204 Arrington, Karen McGill, education monitor, U.S. Commissionon Civil Rights 252 Atkins, Thomas I., general counsel, NAACP 26 Prepared statement 27 Beard, Hon. Robin L., a Representative in Congress From the State of Tennes- see 303 Prepared statement 310 Blackburn, James C., member, Board of Education, Memphis, Tenn 328 Chambers, Julius, president, NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund, Inc 26 Prepared statement 54 Collins, Hon. James M., a Representative in Congress from the State of Texas 181 Prepared statement 179 Crain, Robert L., principal research scientist, Center for Social Organization of Schools, Johns Hopkins University 382 Prepared statement 387 D'Onofrio, William, president, National Association for Neighborhood Schools, Wilmington, Del 448 Emerson, Hon. Bill, a Representative in Congress from the State of Missouri 531 Fiedler, Hon. Bobbi, a Representative in Congress From the State of Califor- nia 98 Flemming, Dr. Arthur S., Chairman, U.S. Commission on Civil Rights 252 Prepared statement 244 Ford, Hon. Harold E., a Representative in Congress From the State of Tennes- see 323 Glazer, Nathan, professor of education and sociology, Harvard University Graduate School of Education 26 Prepared statement 44 Hawley, Willis D., dean, George Peabody College for Teachers, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn 419 Hittman, Suzanne, president, school board, Seattle, Wash 370 Johnson, Joseph E., superintendent, Red Clay Consolidated School District, Wilmington, Del 445 McPartland, Dr James, Center for Social Organization of School, Johns Hop- kins University 432 Miller, Norman, professor of psychology, University of Southern California 389 Prepared statement 394 dm IV Congress From the State of Page Mitchell, Hon. Paren J., a Representative in 85 Maryland Prepared statement 88 1),Iottl, Hon. Ronald M., a Representative in CongressFrom the State of Ohio 7 Prepared statement 5 Oakar, Hon. Mary Rose, a Representative inCongress From the State of Ohio 600 Orfield,..Gary, professor, University of Illinois 117 Prepared statement 152 Pearce, Dr. Diana M., director of research, Centerfor National Policy Review 192 Prepared statement 192 Raffel, Jeffrey, associate professor, College ofUrban Affairs and Public Policy, University of Delaware 453 Reynolds, William Bradford, Assistant Attorney General,Civil Rights Divi- sion, Department of Justice 611 Robinson, Dr. Jay W., superintendent,Charlotte-Mecklenburg School System, North Carolina 17 Prepared statement 16 Rosso% Prof. Christine H., Boston University 192 Prepared statement 217 Shuniway, Hon. Norman D., a Representative inCongress From the State of California 187 Prepared statement 185 Smith, Maxine A., president, Board of Education,Memphis, Tenn 324 Weinberg, Meyer, director, Horace Mann BondCenter for Equal Education, University of Massachusetts in Amherst 382 Weir, Marjorie M., immediate past president,Board of Education, St. Louis Public Schools, St. Louis, Mo 576 Prepared statement 539 Wentz, Robert E., superintendent, St. Louis PublicSchools, St. Louis, Mo .... 576 Prepared statement 539 ADDITIONAL MATERIAL Affidavit of Gary Orfield dated August 11, 1981submitted to the Superior Court of California regarding desegregation in LosAngeles 121 "A Mother's Appraisal of Busing ...," Post-Dispatch, Sept. 7, 1980 561 "Another Side of St. Louis' Story Presented,"Education USA, May 25,1981 570 Beard, Hon. Robin L., a Representative in CongressFrom the State of Tennes- see, letter dated November 12,1981, to Hon. Don Edwards 310 "Day One: St. Louis Schools Get Integrationoff to Quiet Start," Post-Dis- patch, Sept. 4, 1980 553 "End of Busing Turning Enrollment TideUpward, Schools Report," from the Los Angeles Times, September 13, 1981 104 "Historic Day for Schools," Globe Democrat 556 "Integration Yes, Busing No, St. Louisans Say," fromthe Globe Democrat.. 537 "Kids Make it Work," from the Globe Democrat 547 from the Los Angeles Times, "L.A. Schools' White Student Loss Cortinues," 176 November 24, 1981 "One Year Later: Parent Views TowardSchools in New Castle County After Delaware, Newark, Septem- the First Year of Desegregation," University of 455 ber 1979 chairman, House Commit- Opening statement by Hon. Peter W. Rodino, Jr., 2 tee on the Judiciary Orfield, Gary, letter dated Dec. 1, 1981 to Hon. DonEdwards 175 "Police Security Plans Idle as Schools Open," Post-Dispatch 569 Population/Enrollment and Percent Black, St. Louis andSt. Louis Public 571 Schools, 1940-1980 Report of Survey of Parents of School Age Children(Conducted by Institute of Governmental Studies and Research, Memphis StateUniversity), Septem- 331 ber 1979 SchoolsNumber Transported Research Report of the Charlotte-Mecklenburg 22 and Enrolled "Right Bus, Right Place, Mostly Right Time,"Post-Dispatch 568 "School Attendance Jumps," GlobeDemocrat,Sept. 5, 1980 564 "School Transportation," Fact Sheet 574 "St. Louis simply has a history of not overreacting," Post.Dispatch, Sept. 7, 566 1980