June 2017 Vol. 7 No. 1 alcohol.org.nz 18–24 YEARS 41% 65+ YEARS 71% 85% 18–24 25–44 49% YEARS YEARS THIS ISSUE Research and data AlcoholNZ June 2017 • ii Photo credits Page 16: One Shot / Visual Energy Page 26: istockphoto.com/StevePatterson Editor – Rosie Pears, Health Promotion Agency Message from the Minister Hon Dr Jonathan Coleman Minister of Health We live in an age of information, digitalisation and This issue of AlcoholNZ presents research that expands innovation, a time when large amounts of information the knowledge-base about alcohol-related issues. are widely available to many people. Today’s technology Some of the articles use data from national collections is making the collection and dissemination of data and and population health surveys to provide a New Zealand information easier and faster. picture about alcohol available for consumption, what people drink, who consumes alcohol at hazardous and Data collection and research involve commitment risky levels, where people purchase alcohol, and who is and dedicated time from both the researchers and injured or dies from alcohol-related traffic crashes. respondents. Thousands of people are involved in national population health surveys, like the New Zealand Other articles summarise commissioned research. Health Survey or the Health Promotion Agency’s (HPA’s) This includes research – to explore consumer Attitudes and Behaviour towards Alcohol Survey. awareness and understanding of pregnancy warning labels and to provide insights into parents’ attitudes Robust research is deepening our understanding of what and behaviours in choosing to supply or not to supply contributes to good health and wellbeing and what can alcohol to their teenagers. be done to prevent and reduce harm. Research is an important input to guide policies and practice, to monitor Data from our national surveys shows that many progress, to evaluate the effectiveness of programmes New Zealanders are continuing to drink alcohol at risky and strategies and to enable a smart system. and hazardous levels. Looking to the future, we need more quality, innovative research to understand how we can be more effective in preventing and reducing alcohol-related harm. Contents Welcome to AlcoholNZ ......................................................3 Types of alcoholic beverages – What is available and who drinks what types ...............5 Alcohol pregnancy warning labels – Consumer awareness and understanding .....................9 Consumer information – The energy content of alcoholic beverages ................13 Parental supply of alcohol to under-18s – What parents and caregivers think ..............................17 Hazardous and risky drinking – Differences among past-year drinkers ........................21 Attitudes and behaviour towards alcohol – Auckland regional analysis ............................................24 Injuries and death from traffic crashes with alcohol as a contributing factor ...........................26 Welcome to AlcoholNZ Welcome to the Health Promotion Agency’s (HPA’s) AlcoholNZ magazine. AlcoholNZ provides evidence-based articles, topical commentaries, case studies and summaries of new alcohol- related research to update readers’ knowledge of, and inform debate about, alcohol issues in New Zealand. The theme of this issue is alcohol research and data. AlcoholNZ contributes to HPA’s statutory alcohol-related functions to: • give advice on the sale, supply, consumption, misuse and harm of alcohol • undertake, or work with others, to research alcohol use and public attitudes towards alcohol in New Zealand, and problems associated with, or consequent on, the misuse of alcohol. This issue of AlcoholNZ provides analysis of drinks about not drinking during pregnancy. alcohol-related data and summaries of recent Other articles cover analysis of national hazardous HPA-commissioned research reports. Highlights and risky drinking data and Auckland region data include analysis of data about energy content about attitudes and behaviour towards alcohol. information on alcoholic beverages, the types of alcoholic drinks consumed, and alcohol-related HPA’s published research reports and data analysis injuries and deaths from traffic crashes. It also factsheets can be found on hpa.org.nz. Links to features summaries of new research on parental other alcohol-related statistics can be found on supply of alcohol and on warning labels on alcoholic alcohol.org.nz. AlcoholNZ June 2017 • 4 AlcoholNZ June 2017 • 5 Types of alcoholic beverages What is available and who drinks what types The types of alcoholic beverages (ie, beer, wine, • reported types of alcoholic beverages consumed, spirits and cider) that people consume often which is collected: vary by sex, age and ethnicity. Preferences can » periodically in the Ministry of Health’s New Zealand Health Survey (Ministry of Health, 2012) also change over a lifetime and be influenced by changes in the popularity and availability » annually in the Health Promotion Agency’s (HPA’s) Attitudes and Behaviour towards of different drinks. New beverages come onto Alcohol Survey (ABAS). the market; for example, RTDs (ready-to-drink spirits) became available in larger volumes Alcohol available for consumption from the mid-1990s and more recently there Stats NZ measures the volume of pure alcohol (ethanol has been an increase in the range of beers of or ethyl alcohol) and the volume of alcoholic beverage different strengths. available for consumption (ie, released to the domestic market). Actual consumption is not measured but the Several data sources can be used to form a population- amount available is a close proxy measure, as alcoholic level picture of who is drinking what type of alcohol beverages are usually released close to the time of beverages. This includes data on: sale. Stats NZ data also provides information on beverage type (ie, beer, wine and spirits) available and • alcohol available for consumption, which is collected changes in the amount available, indicating changes by Stats NZ (formerly Statistics New Zealand) in drinking preferences. AlcoholNZ June 2017 • 6 In the year ending December 2016, 34.7 million litres Women and men typically drink different types of of pure alcohol were available for consumption in alcohol. On the last drinking occasion, two-thirds of New Zealand. By comparison, 26.3 million litres of pure women reported drinking wine and two-thirds of men alcohol were available in the year ending June 2000. It is reported drinking beer. Women were more likely to report usual, however, to standardise data as a rate per capita drinking RTDs (13%) and cider (10%) than men (10% and to take account of population changes. Between 2010 6%, respectively). These differences are mostly because and 2015 the volume of alcohol per capita (using the younger women are more likely to consume these types population aged 18 or older) decreased steadily, from of drinks. The most common type of drink consumed on 10.2 litres per capita to 9.2 litres per capita. This increased the last occasion by young women aged 18 to 24 years to 9.4 litres per capita in 2016 (Stats NZ, 2017). was spirits (52%) followed by RTDs (41%). Women in all other age groups most commonly reported drinking wine. Information on pure alcohol available for consumption is also provided by alcoholic beverage types. As illustrated Young men aged 18 to 24 years most commonly reported in Figure 1, the proportions of pure alcohol available for drinking beer (66%) on their last drinking occasion, similar consumption have changed over time. The most significant to men aged 25 to 44 years (71%) and 45 to 64 years change is for beer, which decreased 10 percentage points (70%). Older men aged 65 and over reported drinking wine from 2000 to 2016, although beer remains the most or beer in equal proportions (53%). popular beverage type and provided 12.6 million litres of pure alcohol available for consumption in the year ending Figures 2 and 3 illustrate the types of alcoholic drinks December 2016. Wine and spirits increased to a total consumed by women and men across different age groups. of 11.4 and 9.7 million litres of pure alcohol available for consumption, respectively. The increase in pure alcohol ABAS and analysis methods from spirits is largely driven by spirit-based RTDs HPA’s ABAS is a national telephone survey of people aged (Stats NZ, 2017). 15 years and over about alcohol consumption patterns, Types of alcohol consumed by adults and alcohol-related behaviour and attitudes. The results provided in this article are from combined 2013/14, on their last drinking occasion 2014/15 and 2015/16 ABAS surveys and are based on HPA’s ABAS provides information on the self-reported respondents aged 18 years and over who had consumed types of alcoholic beverages consumed on the last two or more drinks on any one occasion in the last three drinking occasion. The following analysis combines months (n=6,270). Results from the combined three results from three years (2013/14, 2014/15 and 2015/16). surveys can be considered an average value across the On average, 73% of New Zealanders aged 18+ years three-year time period. Results presented are weighted had consumed alcohol in the last 12 months and 55% so that they are representative of the total New Zealand had consumed two or more alcoholic drinks in the past population. Differences between sub-population groups three months. The following results are based on the last were identified using confidence intervals, and statistically p drinking occasion in the past three months where two significant differences (when -value < 0.05) are noted in or more alcoholic drinks were consumed. Respondents the report as ‘more likely/less likely’. could choose as many types of drinks as were consumed References on that occasion (multiple responses). Ministry of Health. (2015). Alcohol use 2012/13: New Most people (70% of women and 66% of men) consumed Zealand Health Survey. Wellington: Ministry of Health. one type of alcoholic drink (eg, wine or beer), and almost a quarter (24%) consumed two types of drinks. One-third Stats NZ. (2017). Stats NZ Infoshare data tables: of 18 to 24-year-olds consumed two types of alcoholic Alcohol available for consumption.
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