Mughal Adm inistration {PATNA UN IVERSITY READERSHIP A JADUNATH ARKAR . M . §\ Indian Educa tiona l Se r vice , Bihar . O O O O O 0 1 92 . C SARKAR 8: SONS M . , CALCUTTA. 2 . R s . P U BLISHED BY 5 M C S C . ar ar of . S K . AR AR S k . Gt SON . BY THE SAME. AUTHOR . H ST R OF AURANGZIB v - O 4 l s . l Y , o 3 8 each . Vol . 1 R . e i n of a a g Sh h J h an . 1 1 W a o S — . r f ucc i 1 657 58 ess on , . 1 1 1 — . ort ern n i a 1 658 1 68 1 . N h I d , lV — . ou t ern n a 1 644 1 689 S h I di , . S A I AN D HIS TIME zu R é . 4 . 2 . HIV J S , d ed . (Based on or i gi nal Persi an and Marath i sources and Engli sh and D utch Fac tory Re cor ds) . l A UG L 2 . STUD IN HA NDl R s . 3 . IE S M - (Twe nty two histori cal essays . ) ANECD TE OF AURAN GZIB Ab a m 4 . O S , ( k i—Ala m ir i ersi an e En ish g ) P t xt , gl R 8 ns and no es e . tra . t ’ m; AN TEACH NGS 5 . CHAi TAN YA s u D I , R . 2 n r a n e s . 3 d c d . e e a , g tly l rg d r i i r (From h i s o ig nal Bengal i b og aphy . ) “ ‘ E cs i T I D A 6 . doNow o BRI ISH N I , ' 4i d . f i r vi er e n a e a nd h e é s it, l rg d B u u t 3 . ro ght p od ate Rs . M C . SARKAR SONS . H r o utta a ri s n R oa Calc . d , MA UMD AR i nter : 5 . C . P r J , SR! C OURAN GA PRESS , l tta Mi rza ur Street a cu . p , C CONTENT S. h r —T v m n i C a pte l . he C o e m e t ts ch aracter a nd Aim s revious stu ies of Mu a a mi nis tr ati on Z—su e ts of P d gh l d , bj c t ese six e tu res 3—M u a a m i nistr ati ve s stem i nfluen e h l c , gh l d y c d i n u and ri tis ove rn me nts 4—aims o f M u al tate 6 H d B h g , gh S . ore i n e e ments i n M u al a mi nis tra tion 8—m i tar natu re f g l gh d , li y of th e over nm ent Ill —S ta te a tories 1 3—e ess of re or s g , f c , xc c d , 1 5—l aw and usti e 1 6—M ua im l aw i n In ia 20—no soc ia s ti j c , l d . li c a ti vi t Z3— e o e e t a one 24 c y , p pl l f l , . Ch r l l —Th S verei n and th e apte . e o g D n H S ur — ep artm e ta l ea ds . o ce s 26 50 ' M us i m so ve re i n s owers 26—no mi ni ster ia ontr o 28 l g p , l c l . — i e e artments 30—wazi r 3 1 —ba k shi 33—s tewar 35 ch f d p , , h , d , — - - u i i ar 35—ce nso r of mora s 39 80 URCES : Ai n i A bari j d c y , l , k , 4 1 —D aatu r-ul -am l 43 —i ts ontents 45—M i ra t-i -Ahm a i 47 , c , d , ’ M an ual o O cers D uti 48 f fli es , . — Ch apter Il l Th e T r easu ry and H ousehold D ep artm ents 5 1 77 D i wan 51 —h i s os i ti on and owers 52 —re or s t at m ust , p p , c d h ' re a h i m' 53—some am ous iwans oflice roce ure 57 ch , f d p d , ' iwan of K a sa s u ti es 6 1 — uti es of iwan of an a 66 D h l d , d D T kh , ’ ’ Khan- i - sam an 69 —Ba u tat 4 s uti es s uti es 7 . d , y d , Ch r lV —r vin i l A i ni n 78—1 0 1 a pte . P o c a dm strati o M u a oficial s i s i e and ne e t vi a es 78—h ow ove rn gh l d l k gl c ll g , G — m e nt e t t u wi t vi a es 79 su bah ar and hi s uti e s. k p o ch h ll g , d d ' — 80—h i s an of acti on 83 — rovm ci al i wan s uties 86 au pl , p d d , f j ' ' — — - ar s u n ti ons 89 otwa s uti es 93 news re orters 97 . d f c , k l d , p , I i E — — Ch apter r s Taxati on of Land 1 02 1 28 In i an easan ts r e u tant to a r evenue 1 02—re aso 02 d p l c p y , ns , 1 — t tr eate 1 05—a bwab s or d , e xa cti on s condem ned — 07 bu t evi e ower ofli ci al s 1 08— l d by l , anecd ote — of a a an 1 08 oi n s of an e tor ti onate iwan 0 Sh h J h , d g x d , 1 1 ' Sadull ah s ensure of reve nue o e tors 1 1 2—wh r e c c ll c , y ve nue ’ o fi i a s evie er ui si tes 1 1 2— rori s uti es 1 1 4—am i n 1 1 6 f c l l d p q , k d , , anun o 8—a bwa bs cl i fi 1 20— 1 1 ass e es r i e i n e tai 1 2 1 . q g , d , d c b d d l , Vl —M u h a R u e : I hi v Chapter . g l l ts ac e e — m ents and fai lure 1 29 1 52 M ughal rule gave Indi a admi nistr ati ve u nion and h om o~ enei t 1 29—but no nati ona i t 1 30—M us im i ts : istor g y , l y , l g f h y , — w th o t r w r 32 — i i 1 3 1 contact i th e u e o ld . 1 monoth e sti c H nd u c — r 1 35— c m a r of N In se ts 1 34 S ufi ot er oo so i a nne s . d a . b h h d , l I ami se 1 36—ar itecture and a rt 1 37—s tren t of th e Mu s im sl d , ch , g h l os i tion i n n i a 1 39—M u amm a an sett ers n ian se 1 40 p I d , h d l I d i d , r es in tate 1 42— e ine of th e aristoc ra 1 44 disrupti ve fo c S , d cl cy , eo e m a e no r o r es s 1 45— auses of e ter i orati on of n a n p pl k p g , c d I di mm s 1 46—wea ness of or ienta m ona r ies 1 48 M uha adan . k l ch , th essons of n i an istor 1 5 1 . e l I d h y , O . 1 m eans r itis M useum ersi an MS . r 64 ] 2 . B h P ' D means In ia fi e i rar ers . 370 . d Of c L b y P M rat-i -A M i rat m ans i ma i om a t o . ed . e h d , B b y li h MUGHAL ADMINISTRATION CHAPTER 1 . IMS THE GOVERNMENT : ITS CHARACTER 6: A . The as e ts o M u hal administ ati n § 1 . p c f g r o ied i t is b stud n h ook . We are all familiar with the history of the M a e e in n a — the n s the ugh l mpir I di , lo g tory of ess e e s e a s for the ne of succ iv Emp ror , th ir w r thro De e a a ns a a ns e e e s lhi , th ir c mp ig g i t th ir r b lliou ass a s and n e en en ne s and e v l i d p d t ighbour , th ir e e n e n th e na a n e s of n a xp ditio s b yo d tur l fro ti r I di .