CENTENARY EDITION THE AVORKS OF THOMAS CARLYLE IN THIRTY VOLUMES VOL. IX CROMWELL'S LETTERS AND SPEECHES IV (>nar^^\f // THOMAS CARLYLE OLIVER CROMWELL'S LETTERS AND SPEECHES WITH ELUCIDATIONS IN FOUR VOLUMES VOLUME IV LONDON CHAPMAN AND HALL LIMITED 1897 HHXo CONTENTS OF VOLUME IV PART X SECOND PROTECTORATE PARLIxVMENT. 1657-58 PACE Letter CCXV. To the Mayor of Newcastle : Whitehall, 18 Dec. 1656 1 Presbyterians and Independents. „ CCXVI. To Card. Mazarin : Whitehall, 26 Dec. 1656 3 Quarrel between Charles Stuart and his Brother. t Speech VI. To the Second Protectorate Parliament, 23 Jan. 1656-7 7 Thanks for their Congratulation on the failure of Sinder- comb's Plot. Kingship .....,.>.. 15 Letter CCXVII. To the same Parliament : Whitehall, 25 Dec. 1656 18 Case of James Nayler. Speech VIL To the Second Protectorate Parliament, 31 March 1657 24 Reception of their Petition and Advice with their Offer of the Title of King. Returns pious thanks ; craves time to consider ; wiU then answer. ; vi CROMWELL'S LETTERS AND SPEECHES PACK Speech VIII. To a Committee of the same Parliament, 3 April 1657 27 Answers with praise as to the Petition and Advice gener- ally, but as to the Title of King, with distinct though not emphatic No. „ IX. To the same Parliament, 8 April l657 . 31 Would state his Doubts, if there were Opportunity given, —if there were some Conference, or the like, appointed. „ X. Conference with the Committee of Ninety- nine in regard to the Title of King, 11 April 1657 38 DiflBculty as to how they shall proceed in this matter of Conferring. „ XI. Second Conference with the Committee of Ninety-nine in regard to the Title of King, 13 April 1657 50 Endeavours to rebut their arguments, used in the former Conference, in favour of the Title. Not of necessity at best only of expediency or advantage. John Hampden and the Ironsides. Leaves the matter undecided : Conference to be renewed. „ XII. Third Conference with the same, 20 April 1657 69 Replies to their argument drawn from Law; contends that whatever Title they, the Parliament, establish, be it that of Protector or another, will be Law. For the rest, the matter not an essential; unimportant in comparison with others in this New Instrument of (Jovemment, —to which others let us rather address ourselves. Conference to be renewed on the morrow. „ XIII. Fourth Conference with the Committee of Ninety-nine, 21 April 1657 ... 78 Animadverts on various Articles of the Petition and Advice, or New Instrument, which seem to require reconsideration: leaves that of the Elingship un- meddled with. CONTENTS vii PAGE Speech XIV. To the Second Protectorate Parliament in a body, 8 May 1657 Il6 Briefly refuses the Title of King. „ XV. To the same Parliament, 9 June l657, on the Presentation of some Bills for assent , 121 Thanks for their Supplies of Money, as the custom is. Letter CCXVIIL To Gen. Blake: Whitehall, 10 June 1657 123 Jewel for the Victory at Santa Cruz. „ CCXIX. To Gen. Montague : Whitehall, 11 Aug. 1657 126 Order to saiL „ CCXX. To J. Dunch, Esq. : Hampton Court, 27 Aug. 1657 126 To call at Hampton Court. „ CCXXI. To Gen. Montague : Hampton Court, SO Aug. 1657 127 In sanction of his treatment of the Dutch ships. „ CCXXH- To Sir W. Lockhart : Whitehall, 31 Aug. 1657 128 Mardike and Dunkirk. Peremptory: To bring Mazarin to the point. » CCXXni. To the same : same date . 132 Same subject. „ CCXXIV. To Gen. Montague : Whitehall, 2 Oct. 1657 134 Christian Denokson to strengthen Mardike. ; viii CROMWELL'S LETTERS AND SPEECHES FA0B Speech XVL To the Two Houses of Parliament ; Opening of the Second Session of the Second Pro- tectorate Parliament, 20 Jan. 1657-8 . 141 Reasons for thankfulness in such a Meeting : Religious Liberty, the great object of our struggles, gained, and in the way of being made secure ; Peace hitherto ; a Godly Ministry. Understand the works of Grod, what God has done for you;—and persevere and prosper. „ XVn. To the Two Houses of Parliament; the Commons having raised debates as to the Title of the other House, 25 Jan. 1657-8 151 Perils of the Nation ; perils of the Protestant Interest in Europe at large: pressing need there is of unanimity. Exhortation and Remonstrance: Do not sacrifice great vital interests for titles and niceties. ,, XVni. Dissolution of the Second Protectorate Par- liament, 4 Feb. 1657-8 . .173 What he might have expected in this Meeting of Parlia- ment ; T7hat he has found in it ; Angry debating and the Nation on the verge of conflagration thereby. Dissolves the Parliament. Letter CCXXV. To Sir W. Lockhart : Whitehall, 26 May 1658 185 Protestants of the Valleys. Death of the Protector 194 APPENDIX NO. 1. Letter to Downhall 209 2. At Ely 210 ' 3. Letter to Cambridge, with ' Protestation and * Preamble* 212 CONTENTS ix KO. PAOB 4. Eastern Association: Threatened Rising of Papists IN Norfolk 2l6 5. Gainsborough Fight 218 6. Letter two days prior to that Cambridge one . 224 7. Two Letters : Action at Islip-Bridge and Bletching- TON. Ditto at Bampton-in-the-Bush . 225 8. Battle of Naseby. Burial of Colonel Pickering. Two Letters concerning Ely 229 9. Langport Battle. Summons to Winchester . 233 10. Army Troubles in 1647 236 11. Welsh Disturbances in i648 239 12. Letter to the Derby-House Committee after Preston Battle 243 13. Letter to Derby-House Committee: March into Scotland, 1648 245 14. Letter in behalf of Young Cholmely , . 249 15. Correspondence with the Mayor of Waterford , 250 16. Exchange of Prisoners : Renegado Wogan . .253 17. Ireland : Arrangements for the Administration of Justice there 254 18. Ireland: Operations in Tipperary .... 257 19. Haselrig and Dunbar Battle 258 20. Four Letters to the Speaker in behalf of individual MiuTARY Gentlemen, and their Claims . 260 20.*Letter to Major Harrison 263 21. March to Worcester 265 22. After Worcester Battle : Letters to the Speaker . 265 23. Letter to Sister Elizabeth 267 X CROMWELL'S LETTERS AND SPEECHES KO. PAQH 24. Letter to the Committee for Sequestrations, in behalf OF Mr. and Mrs. Fincham 268 25. To Oxford and Cambridge 269 26. Letter to Lord Wharton about Henry Cromwell's Marriage 272 27. Scraps from 1653 27S 28. From 1654-1655 : Vowel's Plot; Rectory of Houghton Conquest ; Penruddock's Plot ; Letter to the Poet Waller; New England 277 29. Suffolk Yeomanry 288 30. Speech should-be *XV.' 290 31. From 1657. Last Royalist Plot . .292 32. Two Mandates to Cambridge University . 296 Index to the Four Volumes 299 LIST OF PLATES CHARLES n frontispiece JOHN HAMPDEN at page 14> EDMUND WALLER „ 276 ; PART TENTH SECOND PROTECTORATE PARLIAMENT 1667-1668 LETTERS CCXV, CCXVI Two Letters near each other in date, and now by accident brought contiguous in place; which offer a rather singular contrast ; the one pointing as towards the Eternal Heights, the other as towards the Tartarean Deeps ! Between which two Extremes the Life of men and Lord Protectors has to pass itself in this world, as wisely as it can. Let us read them, and hasten over to the new Year Fifty-Seven, and last Depart- ment of our subject. LETTER CCXV Newcastle-upon-Tyne, or the Mimicipal Authorities there, as we may perceive, are rather of the Independent judgment and have a little dread of some encouragement his Highness has been giving to certain of the Presbyterian sect in those parts. This Letter ought to be sufficient reassurance. TO THE MAYOR OF NEWCASTLE : TO BE COMMUNICATED TO THE ALDERMEN AND OTHERS WHOM IT DOTH CONCERN Whitehall, 18th December 1656. Gentlemen, and my very good Friends,—My Lord Strick- land, who is one of our Council, did impart to us a Letter VOL. IV. A ; : 2 PART X. SECOND PARLIAMENT [18DEC. writtenJrom yourselves to him, according to your desire therein expressed ; which occasions this returnJrom us to you. As nothing that may reflect to the prejudice ofyour outward Good, either Personal or as you are a Civil Government, shall easily pass with us; so, mu^h less what shall tend to your discouragement, as you are Saints, to your Congregations, gathered in that way of fellowship commonly known hy the name of Independents, whether of one judgment or other — " this "" shall he far from being acttmlly discountenanced, or passively " left to " suffer damage, hy any applying themselves to me. I do, oncefor all, give you to understand, that I should thereby destroy and disappoint one of the m^in endsfor which God hath planted me in the station I am in. Wherefore I desire you in that mMter to rest secure. True it is that two Ministers, one Mr. Cole and one Mr. Pye, did present to me a Letter in the name of divers Ministers of Newcastle, the Bishoprick of Durham and Northumberland; of an honest and Christian purpose : the sum whereof I ex- tracted, and returned an Answer thereunto — a true Copy whereof I send you here enclosed. By which I think it will easily appear, that the consideration of my kindness is well " "^ deserved hy them ; provided they observe the condition there expressed; which in charity I am hound to believe they will; and without which their own consciences and the world will know how to judge of them. Having said this, I, or rather the Lord, require of you. That you walk in all peaceableness and gentleness, inoffensive- ness, truth and love towards them, as becomes the Servants and Churches of Christ. Knowing well that Jesus Christ, of whose diocese both they and you are, expects it. Who, when He comes to gather His People, and to make Himself * a name and praise amongst all the people of the earthy—He * will save her that halteth, and gather her that was driven out, and will get them praise and fame in every land, where they have been put to shame.'' ^ And such ^lame ones'' and ^ driven-out ones'' were * Zephaniah iii.