University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--Hispanic Studies Hispanic Studies 2019 EL ENCLAVE BANANERO EN LAS NOVELAS CENTROAMERICANAS DE MIGUEL ANGEL ASTURIAS, RAMON AMAYA AMADOR Y CARLOS LUIS FALLAS Johana Pérez Weisenberger University of Kentucky, [email protected] Author ORCID Identifier: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2251-9183 Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.13023/etd.2019.224 Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Weisenberger, Johana Pérez, "EL ENCLAVE BANANERO EN LAS NOVELAS CENTROAMERICANAS DE MIGUEL ANGEL ASTURIAS, RAMON AMAYA AMADOR Y CARLOS LUIS FALLAS" (2019). Theses and Dissertations--Hispanic Studies. 40. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/hisp_etds/40 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Hispanic Studies at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--Hispanic Studies by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained needed written permission statement(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine) which will be submitted to UKnowledge as Additional File. I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the irrevocable, non-exclusive, and royalty-free license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. 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Johana Pérez Weisenberger, Student Dr. Susan Carvalho, Major Professor Dr. Carmen Moreno-Nuno, Director of Graduate Studies EL ENCLAVE BANANERO EN LAS NOVELAS CENTROAMERICANAS DE MIGUEL ANGEL ASTURIAS, RAMON AMAYA AMADOR Y CARLOS LUIS FALLAS ________________________________________ DISSERTATION ________________________________________ A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Kentucky By Johana Pérez Weisenberger Lexington, Kentucky Director: Dr. Susan Carvalho, Professor Emerita of Hispanic Studies Lexington, Kentucky 2018 Copyright © Johana Pérez Weisenberger 2018 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2251-9183 ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION EL ENCLAVE BANANERO EN LAS NOVELAS CENTROAMERICANAS DE MIGUEL ANGEL ASTURIAS, RAMON AMAYA AMADOR Y CARLOS LUIS FALLAS The Central American literary community and historiographical critics maintain a constant dialogue in regards to banana literature. Authors such as Asturias, Fallas, and Amador capture the pervasive nature of the banana enclave in their works. My research reveals the ways in which capitalist power controls and redefines spaces in the banner enclave. By taking a closer look, these novels reveal the monopolistic power of the United Fruit Company exploits and destroys the natural space; this manuscript becomes a geographical map of the fictionalized banana enclaves, exposing the capitalist oppressing forces, which dominate nature and control the company workers. Chapter one explores different historical interpretations of the banana enclave, focusing on the geographical spaces in Guatemala, Honduras, and Costa Rica. The second chapter discusses the novel Prisión verde (1950), by Ramon A. Amador, and pointed to enclave plantations and neighboring towns as weaponized spaces that control the inhabitants. Chapter three focuses on Mamita yunai (1941), by Carlos L. Fallas, to show how the banana enclave exploits natural spaces and leave a country ruined by corruption. The fourth chapter concentrates on the banana trilogy by Miguel A. Asturias composed of Viento fuerte (1950), El papa verde (1954) y Los ojos de los enterrados (1960), and examines how geographical spaces in the banana enclave intertwine with total economic, political, and social control in Guatemala. In sum, this thesis brings to light the narrative techniques these authors use to construct and manipulate space within the banana enclave, as a reflection of the capitalist world of Central America. KEYWORDS: Central American Literature; space and place; narrative geography; Ramon A. Amador; Carlos L. Fallas; Miguel A. Asturias Johana Pérez Weisenberger (Name of Student) 11/28/2018 Date EL ENCLAVE BANANERO EN LAS NOVELAS CENTROAMERICANAS DE MIGUEL ANGEL ASTURIAS, RAMON AMAYA AMADOR Y CARLOS LUIS FALLAS By Johana Pérez Weisenberger Dr. Susan Carvalho Director of Dissertation Dr. Carmen Moreno-Nuno Director of Graduate Studies 11/28/2018 Date DEDICATION A mi madre con mucho amor. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The following dissertation, while an individual work, benefited from the insights and direction of several people. First, I would like to gratefully, thank my Dissertation Chair, Dr. Susan Carvalho, for her guidance, patience and understanding throughout the dissertation process. In addition, Dr. Susan Carvalho provided timely and instructive comments and evaluation at every stage of the dissertation process, allowing me to complete this project. Next, I wish to thank the complete Dissertation Committee, and outside reader, respectively: Dr. Susan Larson, Dr Anibal Biglieri, Dr. Cristina Alcalde, and Dr. Thomas Wayne Watts. Each individual provided insights that guided and challenged my thinking, substantially improving the finished product. I would like to thank the following people and institutions for their input, assistance, help and support: the late Dr. William (Bill) Neal, Dr. Frank Cheatham, Dr. Sarah Stafford Sims, Dr. Valeria Pla Gringberg, Dr. Francie Chassen-Lopez, Dr. Victor Ballesteros, Dr. Doug Heffington, Dr. Fred de Rosset, and Campbellsville University. In addition, a special thanks to my friends: Dr. Nadina Olmedo and Dr. Carmen Arranz for being my second readers. At the same time to my friends in Campbellsville University, KIIS organization and Kentuckians friends for everything you have done for me, I thank you. Finally, I would like to thank my husband, Matthew C. Weisenberger for his support, and love. I would want to acknowledge my daughters Madison Pérez, Emilia and Elena Weisenberger the reason to finish. I would like to thank my mother, Regina Perez for her support, and allowing me to fulfill my goal. I give thanks to my father, Justo Perez for showing us a love for education. I give thanks to my whole family for iii their support and love through all this years: Isabel, Florencia, Nora, Mike, Min, Johnathan, Sofia, Isaac, Reese. ¡Los quiero mucho! iv Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................. iii Table of Contents ................................................................................................................ v Capítulo I: Espacios del enclave bananero en Guatemala, Costa Rica y Honduras ........... 1 I. Introducción ................................................................................................................. 1 II. Situación Histórica ..................................................................................................... 3 III. Marco Teórico ......................................................................................................... 10 IV. Recorrido por el corpus del género - Autores ......................................................... 16 V. Detalle de los capítulos ............................................................................................ 29 Capítulo II: “Atados a esos racimos y los racimos a nosotros”: Prisión verde, de Ramón Amaya Amador ................................................................................................................. 31 I. Introducción ............................................................................................................... 31 II. Espacio “Las nuevas plantaciones y su formación”- Del espacio natural al capitalista ...................................................................................................................... 41 III. El pueblo aledaño controlador del obrero ............................................................... 56 IV. El espacio rural antes de la compañía bananera ..................................................... 61 V. Espacio Indígena ...................................................................................................... 65 VI. La naturaleza dominante ......................................................................................... 68 VII. Espacios