Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2010 Highland Maya Effigy Funerary Urns: A Study of Genre, Iconography, and Function Kathleen Garrett McCampbell Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF VISUAL ARTS, THEATRE, AND DANCE HIGHLAND MAYA EFFIGY FUNERARY URNS A STUDY OF GENRE, ICONOGRAPHY, AND FUNCTION By KATHLEEN GARRETT MCCAMPBELL A Thesis submitted to the Department of Art History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2010 The members of the committee approve the thesis of Kathleen G. McCampbell defended on April 5, 2010 _________________________________ Michael D. Carrasco Professor Directing Thesis _________________________________ Stephanie Leitch Committee Member _________________________________ Nancy de Grummond Committee Member __________________________________ Elin Danien Committee Member Approved: __________________________________ Adam Jolles, Chair, Department of Art History __________________________________ Sally McRorie, Dean, College of Visual Arts, Theatre, and Dance The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members. ! ""! ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank Michael D. Carrasco for sharing this magnificent corpus of objects with me and for opening my eyes to the art of the Highlands. His endless support and encouragement made this project not only possible, but enjoyable. Elin Danien’s enthusiasm for this project and insightful comments have benefitted me greatly and I would like to thank her for serving on this committee. The final two members of my committee, Stephanie Leitch and Nancy de Grummond, provided valuable advice at the beginning of this investigation and again during the defense of this project. Their participation is much appreciated. This thesis would not have been possible without the support of a Penelope E. Mason Summer Research Travel grant from the Department of Art History at Florida State University. I would like to express my gratitude to Oswaldo Chinchilla for discussing these objects with me on multiple occasions and for allowing me to photograph the many urns in his museum’s collection. Alex Pezzati made it possible for me to view the papers of Mary Butler Lewis and kindly provided me with photocopies of her reports. Finally, I would like to thank my parents, Ralph and Gail McCampbell, who are always supportive of me even when they are hiking behind me in the heat of Guatemala. ! """! TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES . v ABSTRACT. x INTRODUCTION. 1 1. THE EFFIGY FUNERARY URN GENRE . 10 2. ICONOGRAPHIC PATTERNS . 26 3. RITUAL FUNCTION . 44 CONCLUSION . 61 APPENDIX: FIGURES . 64 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 146 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH . 153 ! "#! LIST OF FIGURES 1.Map of the Maya area. (Source: http://designbymartha.com/seventh_grade/Maya%20Map.gif). 64 2. Effigy Funerary Urn (Vase Type). Guatemala City, Museo Popol Vuh (Photograph by author). 65 3. Map Showing Location of Nebaj, Guatemala Area. (Source: http://adventures.worldnomads.com/lpmaps/Guat_MayaThenNow.jpg). 66 4. Diagram of an Effigy Funerary Urn. Guatemala City, Museo Popol Vuh (Photograph by author). 67 5. Urn Lid Fragment of the Jaguar God of the Underworld with Two Cubs. Guatemala City. Museo Popol Vuh (Photograph by Author). 68 6. Huehueteotl Figure from Veracruz. Kerr Image 3555A (Photograph by Justin Kerr, courtesy of FAMSI). 69 7. Trefoil Jaguar. Guatemala City. Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología. (Photograph by author). 70 8. So-Called Waterlily Jaguar on a Ceramic Vase from either the Lowlands or Montagua Valley. Late Classic Period. Guatemala City. Museo Popol Vuh (Photograph by Author). 71 9. Object Identified as a Stone Sarcophagus. Classic Period. Quetzaltenango. Museo de Historia Natural, Quetzaltenango (Photograph by author). 72 10. Effigy Funerary Urn (Vase Type). Guatemala City. Museo Popol Vuh (Photograph by author). 73 11. Effigy Funerary Urn (Cylinder Type). Guatemala City. Museo Popol Vuh. (Photograph by author). 74 12. Effigy Funerary Urn (Vase Type). Guatemala City. Museo Popol Vuh. (Photograph by author). 75 13. Effigy Funerary Urn (Cylinder Type). Guatemala City. Museo Popol Vuh. (Photograph by author). 76 14. Palenque Incensario Stand. Palenque, Chiapas, Mexico. Site Museum. (Photograph by Linda Schele, courtesy of FAMSI). 77 ! #! 15. Highland Incensario Stand. Highland Guatemala. Late Classic Period. Chichicastenango, Quiché, Guatemala, Museo Regional (Photograph by author). 78 16. Effigy Funerary Urn (Square Type). Guatemala City. Museo Popol Vuh (Photograph by author). 79 17. Effigy Funerary Urn (Square Type). Guatemala City. Museo Popol Vuh. (Photograph by author). 80 18. Effigy Funerary Urn (Square Type). Guatemala City. Museo Popol Vuh. (Photograph by author). ). 81 19. Small Stone Urn. Classic Period. Chichicastenango, Museo Regional. (Photograph by author). 82 20. Rectangular Urn With Lid. Southern Coast of Guatemala. Early Classic Period. Antigua, Santo Doming Museo Arqueologíco. (Photograph by author). 83 21. Polychrome Funerary Urn. Mixco Viejo, Chimaltenango, Guatemala, Post Classic Period. Guatemala City, Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología. (Photograph by author). 84 22. Funerary Urn. K’umarcaaj, Quiché, Guatemala, Post Classic Period. Guatemala City, Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología. (Photograph by author). 85 23. Funerary Urn. San Pedro, Sololá, Guatemala, Classic Period. Panajachel, Museo Lacustre Atitlán. (Photograph by author). 86 24. Bichromal Jar With Effigy. K’umarcaaj, Quiché, Guatemala, Post Classic Period. Guatemala City, Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología. (Photograph by author). 87 25. Miniature Urn. Highland Guatemala, Late Classic – Early Post Classic period. Guatemala City, Museo Popol Vuh. (Photograph by author). 88 26. Tripod Incensario. Nebaj, Quiché, Guatemala. Post Classic Period. (Source: Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología de Guatemala 1996: 181). 89 27. Funerary Urn. Nebaj, Quiché, Guatemala. Post Classic Period. Guatemala City, Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología. (Photograph by author). 90 28. Chart showing N1 burials in ceramic vessels. (Compiled by author from information in Butler Lewis n.d.). 91 29. Chart showing N2 burials in ceramic vessels. (Compiled by author from information in Butler Lewis n.d.). 92 ! #"! 30. Group 1 Urn. Guatemala City, Museo Popol Vuh (Photograph by Author). 93 31. Group 1-A Urn. Guatemala City, Museo Popol Vuh (Photograph by Author). 94 32. Group 1-A Urn with Skulls. Guatemala City, Museo Popol Vuh (Photograph by Author). 95 33. Group 1-A Urn. Guatemala City, Museo Popol Vuh (Photograph by Author). 96 34. Group 1-B Urn. Guatemala City, Museo Popol Vuh (Photograph by Author). 97 35. Group 1-B Urn. (Source:http://72.5.117.144/fif=fpx/sc2/SC24117.fpx&obj=iip,1.0&wid=400&cvt=jpeg). 98 36. Urn Lid Fragment from the Northern Highlands. Guatemala City, Museo Popol Vuh (Source: http://www.popolvuh.ufm.edu/eng/urnasfunerarias.htm). 99 37. Group 1-C Urn. Guatemala City, Museo Popol Vu (Photograph by Author). 100 38. Group 2 Urn. Antigua, Museo de Arte Precolombino y Vidrio Moderno (Photogrpah by Author). 101 39. Group 2-A Urn. Guatemala City, Museo Popol Vuh (Photograph by Author). 102 40. Group 2-B Urn. Guatemala City, Museo Popol Vuh (Photograph by Author). 103 41. Detail of 2-B Urn Lid (Photograph by Author). 104 42. Tripod Vase Lid Featuring JGU Surrounded by Aquatic Band. Lowland Maya Region, Early Classic Period. Guatemala City, Museo Popol Vuh (Photograph by Author). 105 43. Fragment of Group 3 Urn. Antigua, Museo de Arte Precolombino y Vidrio Moderno (Photograph by author). 106 44. Detail of Vegetative Element on the Forehead of the Trefoil Jaguar (Photograph by Author). 107 45. Group 3 Urn. Guatemala City, Museo Popol Vuh (Photograph by Author). 108 46. Group 3-A Cylinder Type Urn. Guatemala City, Museo Popol Vuh (Photograph by Author). 109 47. Group 3-A Lid (Photograph by Author). ..