Supplementary material BMJ Open Appendix A NAACCR Algorithm Process for Male and Female Males 1. Check surname with Census surname list 2. Check surname with Lauderdale surname list 3. Check surname with NAACCR surname list 4. Check given name with Lauderdale given name list 5. Check given name with NAACCR given name list Females 1. Check whether maiden name is blank: If blank: If not blank: 2a. Check surname with Census surname list 2b. Check maiden name with Census surname 3a. Check surname with Lauderdale list surname list 3b. Check maiden name with Lauderdale 4a. Check surname with NAACCR surname surname list list 4b. Check maiden name with NAACCR 5a. Check given name with Lauderdale surname list given name list 5b. Check given name with Lauderdale given 6a. Check given name with NAACCR given name list name list 6b. Check given name with NAACCR given name list 7b. Check surname with Census surname list 8b. Check surname with Lauderdale surname list 9b. Check surname with NAACCR surname list Ly MYN, et al. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e031646. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031646 Supplementary material BMJ Open Appendix B RACE/ETHNICITY/LANGUAGE Questionnaire (online version only) Ly MYN, et al. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e031646. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031646 Supplementary material BMJ Open Appendix C Hmong Clan Names and Adopted Grandfather Name as Surnames Traditional 18 Clan Names Plurisyllabic Grandfather's Name Adopted as Surname (include spelling variations) Chang/Cha Bliatout (Thao clan from USA) Chue Jalao (Lee clan from France) Cheng Lobliayao (Lo clan from Laos) Fang Lyfoung (Lee clan from USA/France) Her/Herr/Heu Mouanoutoua (Moua clan from USA) Hang Saykao (Thao clan from Australia) Khang/Kha Leeprecha (Lee clan from Thailand) Kong Saykhu (Yang clan from USA) Kue Vangkhue (Lee/Ly clan from USA) Lee/Ly Lynoulue (Lee clan from USA) Lor/Lao/Lo Lynhiavue (Lee clan from USA) Moua/Mua Lypacha (Lee clan from USA) Pha/Phang Mouapalee (Moua clan from Laos) Thao/Thor Saeher (Her clan from Thailand) Vang Vue/Vu Xiong Yang Note. List adapted from Yang, K.-L. (2004). Problems in the interpretation of Hmong surnames. Hmong/Miao in Asia, 179-216. Ly MYN, et al. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e031646. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031646.