REPUBLIC OF KENYA EMBU COUNTY GOVERNMENT COUNTY INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2013-2017 Theme: A PROSPEROUS AND UNITED COUNTY SUBMITTED: 30TH AUGUST 2013 KENYA Embu County Integrated Development Plan, 2013-2017 i Towards a Globally Competitive and Prosperous Kenya Table of Contents ABBREVIATIONS AND ACROMYMS .......................................................................................................................... VI PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................ VIII EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................... X CHAPTER ONE: COUNTY BACKGROUND INFORMATION .......................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 2 1.1 LOCATION AND SIZE ....................................................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 PHYSIOGRAPHIC AND NATURAL CONDITIONS ................................................................................................................. 4 1.2.1 Physical and Topographical Features .................................................................................................... 4 1.2.2 Ecological Conditions ............................................................................................................................. 4 1.3 ADMINISTRATIVE AND POLITICAL UNITS ........................................................................................................................ 6 1.3.1 Administrative Units .............................................................................................................................. 6 1.3.2 Political Units ......................................................................................................................................... 6 1.4 DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES ............................................................................................................................................... 7 1.4.1 Population Size and Composition .......................................................................................................... 7 1.4.2 Population Density and Distribution ................................................................................................... 10 1.4.3 VULNERABLE GROUPS ................................................................................................................................................ 11 1.5 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS ............................................................................................................................ 12 1.6 INFRASTRUCTURE AND ACCESS ..................................................................................................................................... 13 1.6.1 Road and Airstrips ............................................................................................................................... 13 1.6.2 Posts and Telecommunications ........................................................................................................... 13 1.6.3 Financial Institutions: .......................................................................................................................... 13 1.6.4 Education Institutions ......................................................................................................................... 13 1.6.5 Energy Access ...................................................................................................................................... 15 1.6.6 Markets and Urban Centres ................................................................................................................ 16 1.6.7 Housing Types ..................................................................................................................................... 16 1.7 LAND AND LAND USE ................................................................................................................................................... 17 Settlement Pattern ....................................................................................................................................... 18 1.7.1 Mean Holding Size ............................................................................................................................... 19 1.7.2 Percentage of Land Owners with Title Deeds ..................................................................................... 20 1.7.3 Incidence of Landlessness ................................................................................................................... 20 1.8 COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS/NON-STATE ACTORS .................................................................................................... 20 1.8.1 Cooperative Societies .......................................................................................................................... 20 1.8.2 Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) .......................................................................................... 21 1.8.3 Self Help, Women and Youth Groups .................................................................................................. 21 1.9 CROP, LIVESTOCK AND FISH PRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 21 1.9.1 Main Crops Produced .......................................................................................................................... 21 1.9.2 Acreage under Food Crops and Cash Crops ........................................................................................ 23 1.9.3 Main Storage Facilities ........................................................................................................................ 23 1.9.4 Main Livestock Breeds ......................................................................................................................... 23 1.9.6 Main Fishing Activities ......................................................................................................................... 24 1.10 FORESTRY AND AGRO FORESTRY ................................................................................................................................ 24 1.10.1 Main Forest Types and Size of Forests .............................................................................................. 24 1.10.2 Main Forest Products ........................................................................................................................ 24 1.10.3. Promotion of Agro-Forestry and Green Economy ............................................................................ 25 1.11 ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE ....................................................................................................................... 26 1.11.1 Major Contributors to Environmental Degradation in the County ................................................... 26 1.11.2 Effects of Environmental Degradation .............................................................................................. 26 1.11.3 Climate Change and its Effects in the County. ................................................................................... 26 1.11.4 Existing Climate Change Mitigation Measures and Adaptation Strategies ....................................... 26 1.12 MINING ....................................................................................................................................................................... 26 1.12.1 Ongoing Activities .............................................................................................................................. 26 1.12.2 Mining Potentials .............................................................................................................................. 27 1.13.1 Main Tourist Attractions ................................................................................................................... 28 Embu County Integrated Development Plan, 2013-2017 ii 1.13.2 Heritage Sites/ Monuments .............................................................................................................. 29 1.13.4 Caves ................................................................................................................................................. 30 1.13.6 Main Wildlife ..................................................................................................................................... 30 1.13.7 Tourist Class Hotels ........................................................................................................................... 30 1.14 INDUSTRY ................................................................................................................................................................... 31 1.15 EMPLOYMENT AND OTHER SOURCES OF INCOME ........................................................................................................ 31 1.15.1 Labour Force ...................................................................................................................................... 31 1.15.2 Wage Earners ...................................................................................................................................