HISTORIC PRESERVATION PLAN CITY OF JEFFERSON, MISSOURI September 30, 2019 prepared for the Department of Planning and Protective Services by HISTORIC PRESERVATION PLAN CITY OF JEFFERSON, MISSOURI September 30, 2019 prepared for the Department of Planning and Protective Services by ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Jefferson City Historic Preservation Commission Mary Schantz, Chair Gail Jones Donna Deetz Douglas Record, Vice-Chair Angela Lucreo Steven Hoffman Gregory Bemboom Alan Wheat Michael Berendzen Historic Preservation Plan Focus Group Jane Beetem Donna Deetz Mary Schantz Diane Gillespie Dale Vaughan Shelia Smith Interest Group Participants Mike Lester Jeff Turner Jamie Henry Anne Green Nancy Thomas Brian Bernskoetter Stephanie Biggs Todd Spalding Sherry Kempf Janet Weckenborg Brittney Mormann Rebecca Gordon Julie Schroeder WITH SPECIAL THANKS TO: MISSOURI STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE: Toni Prawl, Allison Archambo, Amanda Burke, Kelsey Matson CITY OF JEFFERSON: Jayme Abbott, AICP; Ahnna Nanoski, AICP Candidate; Anne Stratman; Eric Barron, AICP; Sonny Sanders, AICP Mayor and City Council: Carrie Tergin, Mayor; Rick Prather, Ward 1; David Kemna, Ward 1; Laura Ward, Ward 2; Rick Mihalevich, Ward 2; Ken Hussey, Ward 3; Erin Wiseman, Ward 3; Carlos Graham, Ward 4; Ron Fitzwater, Ward 4; Jon Hensley, Ward 5; Mark Schreiber, Ward 5 AND MANY THANKS TO EVERYONE WHO PARTICIPATED IN THE PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT PROCESS OF CREATING THIS PLAN. Consulting Team Heritage Strategies, LLC, Birchrunville, PA A. Elizabeth Watson, FAICP, Project Manager Peter C. Benton, RA, Preservation Planner Washington College GIS Program, Chestertown, MD Luis Machado, Project Manager Lauren E. Frick, ’20, Mapmaker Photos We are grateful for all contributed photos, which are acknowledged individually throughout the plan. All photos not otherwise attributed were taken by Peter Benton. This material was produced with assistance from the Historic Preservation Fund administered by the National Park Service, Department of the Interior and Missouri Department of Natural Resources, State Historic Preservation Office. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior of Natural Resources, State Historic Preservation Office. Federal laws prohibit discrimination on the grounds of race, color, sexual orientation, national origin, disabilities, religion, age, or sex. For more information write to the Office of Equal Opportunity, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington D.C. 20240. Historic Preservation Plan for Jefferson City, Missouri Table of Contents CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 THE BENEFITS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION ............................................................................................................................. 1 Economic Benefits .............................................................................................................................................................. 2 Tourism and Placemaking Benefits................................................................................................................................. 2 What Makes Historic Places Special? ...............................................................................................................................3 Sustainability and Community-Building Benefits ......................................................................................................... 3 Environmental Benefits ..................................................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 THE PLANNING PROCESS ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 1.4 JEFFERSON CITY BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................................... 4 1.5 FOUNDATION FOR HISTORIC PRESERVATION PLANNING IN JEFFERSON CITY............................................................................... 5 1.6 ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF THIS PLAN ......................................................................................................................... 6 Chapter 1 – Overview ........................................................................................................................................................ 6 Chapter 2 – Historical Development ............................................................................................................................... 6 Chapter 3 – Preservation Approach................................................................................................................................ 7 Chapter 4 – Strengthening Jefferson City’s Preservation Program ........................................................................... 7 Chapter 5 – Planning and Development ........................................................................................................................ 8 Chapter 6 – Improving Historic Commercial Centers ................................................................................................... 8 Chapter 7 – Strengthening Historic Neighborhoods .................................................................................................... 8 Chapter 8 – Welcoming Visitors and Storytelling......................................................................................................... 9 Chapter 9 – Conclusion and Implementation................................................................................................................ 9 1.7 PRIORITIES FOR ACTION ........................................................................................................................................................ 10 CHAPTER 2: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT .............................................................................................. 13 2.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................................... 13 2.2 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT – THE NATIVE LANDSCAPE .......................................................................................................... 14 2.3 FOUNDING AND EARLY DEVELOPMENT – 1822 TO 1870 ...................................................................................................... 17 2.4 THE RAILROAD ERA: GROWTH AND MATURATION – 1870 TO 1930 ..................................................................................... 22 Downtown Commercial District..................................................................................................................................... 24 Historic East Residential Neighborhoods ..................................................................................................................... 24 Historic Southside Neighborhood – Old Munichburg District .................................................................................. 25 Lincoln University, the African American Community, and The Foot...................................................................... 25 Millbottom ........................................................................................................................................................................ 26 Manufacturing.................................................................................................................................................................. 26 Growth of State Government......................................................................................................................................... 28 Early Subdivisions............................................................................................................................................................. 28 Peak Period of Development.......................................................................................................................................... 29 2.5 SUBURBANIZATION – 1948 TO 1980 ................................................................................................................................... 30 Community Planning, Urban Renewal, and Suburban Growth ................................................................................ 31 The Beginnings of Historic Preservation ...................................................................................................................... 34 The City’s New Geography ............................................................................................................................................. 34 2.6 SUBURBANIZATION – 1980 TO THE PRESENT......................................................................................................................... 36 MAP 1: CITY OF JEFFERSON ANNEXATION OVER TIME ................................................................................................................ 38 HISTORIC PRESERVATION PLAN v CHAPTER 3: PRESERVATION APPROACH ...............................................................................................39