Those Good Gertrudes: A Social History of Women Teachers in America Author’s Annotated Introduction to Manuscript Collections Researching this book led the author to promising collections in many archives in the United States, and to Australia and Canada where scholarship flourishes on teachers and teaching. This addendum is an annotated introduction to virtually all the collections examined for Those Good Gertrudes, the majority of them not cited nor referenced in the published book because of space limitations. The organization is alphabetical, by state and collection title. Annotations generally feature the collection‘s relevance to the particular focus of this work: American women teachers and their place in history. However, researchers working on related subjects may find useful material in various of these collections—for example on child-rearing and family life, genealogy, local history, regionalism, the frontier experience, industrialization, cross-national comparisons, and the expression and effects of social diversity rooted in social class, religion, race and ethnicity, politics, and the saliency of gender identity. A few generally-obscure printed works unpublished student-authored papers housed in archival libraries are cited. Each annotation is followed, where recoverable, by the date [in brackets] when the collection was first consulted by the author. Be advised that collections (as with some of the following) may change over time—by additions, deletions, mergers, renaming, and relocation—or be withdrawn entirely. Moreover, Finding Aids and collection inventories differ markedly from one depository to another in their on-line accessibility, completeness, & stability. A small number of collections are missing, probably the result of being misfiled; if located they will be added, and the listing updated. October 2015 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ARIZONA Arizona State Historical Society (Research Library), Tucson • Elva Haskell (Mrs. E. Carroll), Papers. EHC (b. 1877) attended St. Joseph Academy: “Being a convent graduate I had to take the teachers‟ examination to teach.‖ From 1896 she taught in various Arizona schools, & was courted by several cowboys. Her ―Remarks & Reminiscences‖ (1964) also tell of Irish forebears, family, & pioneer life around Prescott from 1875. [Feb. 1992] • Henry Holland Hedgpeth. Recollections of HHH (1870-1941) in Biography File. His father, Missouri native Lewis Johnson Hedgpeth (1837-1912), taught school in pioneer times, including the Osborn School organized near his Maricopa Co. homestead. • Clara Fish Roberts Collection. These are the reminiscences & other papers of CFR (b. 1876), of a pioneer, civic-minded Tucson family. She taught Spanish classes at the state normal school in Flagstaff. Thirty years before (in 1873) her mother, Maria Wakefield, had been one of 2 the first 3 teachers of Tucson‘s free school. ―We want more good school ma‟ams & must have them ....and when they get tired of teaching we will find them all good husbands.‖ [Feb. 1992] • Elizabeth Shannon. A typescript biography of ES (1906-85). Raised on a ranch, she was inspired by a teacher, & taught in Texas, New Mexico, & Clifton, AZ, an isolated copper-mining town with a large Mexican American population. A civic activist, she taught the primary grades for 38 years, was Arizona‘s teacher of the year in 1926, & was enrolled in AZ Women‘s Hall of Fame. [Feb. 1992] • Edith Peach Martin Slaughter. Living 2 miles away, & over the county line, the 6 Peach children were rejected by the Strawberry Valley school board. Mr. Peach & 2 bachelor cowboys became founding trustees of a tiny (Gila Co.) school; the 2 schools soon merged. ―Memories of the Strawberry School‖ (1960) describes the valley‘s first school (1886), taught by Molly Burgett. In 1907 Edith Peach (b. 1885) was the last teacher in the original log schoolhouse. Married, with children, she taught in adjacent counties until retiring in 1946. [Feb. 1992] University of Arizona Library (Special Collections), Tucson • C. Louise Boehringer. A clipping file introduces an Illinois-born daughter of German immigrants, CLB (1879-1956), who learned English in a St. Louis kindergarten. Elected Yuma Co. school superintendent (1913-17), CLB wrote, edited, & published Arizona Teacher Magazine (1917-1939). During two terms in the legislature she authored bills funding schools & creating the state board of education. A suffragist, CLB promoted politically-aware women‘s organizations. [Feb. 1992] • Theodore G. Greider Scrapbook. Miscellaneous items (1932-36) collected while TGG was Winslow, AZ superintendent of schools, including newspaper clipping arguing for ―an aggressive, united organization that insists on knowing‖ state officials‘ stand on education legislation. [Feb. 1992] • Francis C. Lockwood Papers. ―School Teaching in Yuma Co., Arizona,‖ Pittsburgh Christian Advocate (1917) is among the manuscripts, correspondence, & photographs of FCL (1864-1948), a longtime University of Arizona professor & lecturer on Arizona & the West. Without a church or minister in her remote mining camp community of Harqua Hala, a Mexican family asked their children‘s teacher, Buelah Sturgeon to conduct their baby‘s funeral: ―one of the hardest tasks I have ever performed,” she confessed. State officials encouraged teachers to remain for long periods in the same community, & making their schools centers of community life & their teachers its leaders. [Feb. 1992] • William H. Mitchell. His typescript, ―Looking at Alhambra Through Fifty Years‖ (1964) is a factual chronology of a largely rural district with seasonal influxes of Mexican farmworkers. When vocational education was introduced around 1913, 2 basement rooms were used (for domestic science & manual training), taught by ―circuit teachers‖ who came once a week. References to ―Mexican‖ appearing in faculty lists— Mrs. Mary Lou Kinard (manual training, 1923-26) & Evelyn Weaver (grades 1 & 2,1927-42)—probably refer to Anglo teachers who primarily taught Mexican students. Growth after World War II brought in a few Hispanic 3 teachers & school board presidents, & new schools with male principals. [Feb. 1992] • William Owen O‘Neill. WOO ((1860-98)—colorful lawyer, newspaperman, Prescott mayor, & militiaman in Arizona Territory—―Buckey‖ O‘Neill died in battle as a Rough Rider in the Spanish-American war. In 1886 he had married Mary Pauline Schindler (1865-1961), a captain‘s daughter at Fort Whipple where she was teaching the officers‘ children. She became a prominent suffragist & Arizona‘s first woman legislator, later marrying WOO‘s brother, also a Territorial legislator. [Feb. 1992] • Mary Elizabeth Post. ―Portrait of a Teacher & the Times in Which She Lived,‖ by Ruth Gordon (1938), draws on conversations with MEP (1841-1934), a farm-bred daughter of former teachers. Because the Univ. of Vermont would not admit females, MEP became a ―strong- minded woman.‖ A cultivated and innovative teacher for 57 years, she taught in New York state, Iowa, and in Arizona in a former jail and abandoned saloon where the teacher spoke no Spanish, her pupils no English. Over 41 years MEP was a political force in every Yuma school election. [Feb. 1992] • Report of the School Survey Made in Maricopa County, Arizona (1916). A project of the County Teachers‘ Association & the Arizona State Tax-Payers Association, to visit all schools & scrutinize records & practices. The public school system was faulted for wasteful spending, inexpert & often- irresponsible district governance, & profiteering by banks, lawyers, contractors, & suppliers. The result was an inefficient & inequitable system. In the spirit of administrative & pedagogical progressivism, the committee urged consolidation, standardization, & professionalism. [Feb. 1992] • Thamar Richey. Newspaper clippings & a brief biography of Pennsylvania native, TR (1858-1937). She joined the Indian Service in 1892, teaching Native Americans in California, Minnesota, Kansas, & Nebraska. In 1923 she asked Tucson school officials to let her open a reading school for the Pascua Yaqui Indians, destitute refugees from Sonora during the Mexican Revolution; she also raised funds for health & social services. [Feb. 1992] • Anne E. Paget Rogers. Gladys Gibbs Jones‘ ―Anne E. Rogers: Pioneer Educator of Tucson‖ (MA thesis, 1941) details the professional life of Tennessee native, AER (b. 1871): an enterprising & innovative teacher, principal, and community activist. She went to Arizona for her husband‘s health, c.1899, & had a long career in Tucson‘s public schools— & nearby rural schools when politics intervened. [Feb. 1992] CALIFORNIA California State Archives, Sacramento (Roseville Depository) • A. J. Moulder, Tenth Annual Report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, 1861. From 1850 the state‘s chief school official‘s annual report included those of county superintendents (42 in 1860), reporting on topics typically set forth by the SSPI: pupil attendance, trustees‘ duties & performance, teacher institutes, examination results, revenues & expenditures (e.g., teachers‘ wages). [Jan. 1993] 4 • State Board of Education Minutes, 1866-1894, with periodic reports of the State Board of Examiners. Manuscript record of the deliberations & decisions of the Board on myriad topics, including changes in the licensing requirements for public school teachers; examinations; recipients of Life Diplomas; denials & occasional revocations of licenses; revisions of the Course of Study & its enforcement; adoptions of a state education journal, textbooks,