Buildings of VIRGINIA Tidewater and Piedmont EDITED BY RICHARD GUY WILSON WITH CONTRIBUTIONS BY Sara A. Butler, Edward Chappell Sarah Shields Driggs, Hal Larsen Debra A. McClane, Thomas Tyler Potterfield, Jr. William M. S. Rasmussen, Selden Richardson Edwin Slipek,Jr., Marc C. Wagner, Robert Wojtowicz and Others OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2002 Contents List of Maps, xi Foreword, xiii Acknowledgments, xvii Guide for Users of This Volume, xxi Introduction, 3 The Contours of Eastern Virginia's Built Environment, 5; Native American Habitation, 8; Early Settlement (1607-c. 1720), 10; Eighteenth-Century Change (c. 1720-c. 1780), 15; Nineteenth-Century Prosperity (c. 1780-c. 1840), 18; Decline, Recovery, and the Revival of the Past (c. 1840-c. 1940), 25; Modernism, Tradition, and Large-Scale Growth (c. 1940-c. 2000), 35 Northern Virginia (NV), 42 Arlington County, 44; Fairfax and Prince William Counties, 55 Alexandria (AL), 78 Old Town, 79; West End, 89; Alexandria Suburbs, 91 Northern Piedmont (NP), 95 Loudoun County, 96; Fauquier County, 112 Piedmont (PI), 118 Rappahannock County, 119; Culpeper County, 122; Madison County, 126; Orange County, 128; Hanover County (Western), 132; Goochland County, 134; Louisa County, 135; Fluvanna County, 136; Albemarle County, 137; Greene County, 142 Charlottesville Metropolitan Area (CH), 143 Downtown Area, 143; University of Virginia Campus, 151; Charlottesville Area, 163 x Contents Richmond Metropolitan Area (RI), 169 Capitol Square Area, 174; Court End-East Broad Street, from 14th Street to 3rd Street, 183; Shockoe Valley, 190; Church Hill, 196; Shockoe Slip, 204; Downtown Riverfront, 206; East Main Street, 210; Franklin Street from Capitol Square to Monroe Park, 218; Grace Street, 224; Broad Street from West of 3rd Street to Belvidere Street, 227; Jackson Ward, 231; Shockoe Hill Cemetery Environs, 237; Oregon Hill, 238 Monroe Park and Environs, 243; The Fan District, 249; Byrd Park and Environs, 265; West of the Boulevard, 268; Windsor Farms and Southwest, 273; Ginter Park and Virginia Union University, 280; South of the James, 285; West of Richmond, 289; North of Richmond, 294; East of Richmond, 299 Fredericksburg Metropolitan Area (FR), 305 Downtown Fredericksburg, 306; Washington Avenue and Kenmore, 316 Lower Caroline Street-Sophia Street, 318; Mary Washington College and Environs, 319; Stafford and Spotsylvania Counties, 322 The Peninsulas (PE),328 King George County, 329; Westmoreland County, 333; Richmond County, 335; Northumberland County, 338; Lancaster County, 340; Middlesex County, 341; Mathews County, 344; Gloucester County, 344; King and Queen County, 347; King William County, 348; Essex County, 350; Caroline County, 351; New Kent County, 354; Charles City County, 355 Hampton Roads (HR), 360 Williamsburg, 361;Yorktown, 384; Newport News, 387, Hampton, 391 Norfolk (NK), 397 Civic and Financial Norfolk, 399; Granby Street, 407; Eastern Downtown, 413; West Freemason Street, 422; Ghent, 426; East Side, 434; Norfolk Area, 439 Portsmouth (PO),442 Downtown Portsmouth, 442; Olde Towne Portsmouth, 447; Naval Portsmouth, 449 Virginia Beach (VB), 452 Southern Tidewater (ST), 459 City of Chesapeake, 460; City of Suffolk, 463; Southampton County, 468; Isle of Wight County, 471; Surry County, 474; Prince George County, 476; City of Hopewell, 478 Eastern Shore (ES), 482 Northampton County, 484; Accomack County, 488 Bibliography, 493 Glossary, 505 Illustration Credits, 531 Index, 533.