DELIVERABLE FRONTPAGE Project number: 243827 FP7-ENV-2009-1 Project acronym: LC-IMPACT Project title: Development and application of environmental Life Cycle Impact assessment. Methods for improved sustainability Characterisation of Technologies Deliverable number: D 1.6 Deliverable name: Recommended assessment framework, method and characterisation factors for land resource use impacts: phase 3 (report and model + factors) Version: 1 WP number: 1 Lead beneficiary: IIASA Nature: R* Dissemination level: PP† Delivery date Annex I: 41 (month number) Actual delivery date: 13/05/2013 Authors: L. de Baan, A. Emanuelsson, M.A.J. Huijbregts, G. Kindermann, T. Koellner, D. Maia de Souza, P.A.N. Muchada, P. Muñoz, M. Núñez, M. Obersteiner, R.K. Rosenbaum, E. Schmid, M. van der Velde, R. van Zelm, F. Ziegler Comments: Several parts of this deliverable will be published in scientific journals and need to be treated confidentially until the publishing date (for internal EU review only). * Please indicate the nature of the deliverable using one of the following codes: R = Report, P = Prototype, D = Demonstrator, O = Other † Please indicate the dissemination level using one of the following codes: PU = Public, PP = Restricted to other programme participants (incl. the Commission Services), RE = Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (incl. the Commission Services), CO = Confidential, only for members of the consortium (incl. the Commission Services) 1 Table of Contents List of abbreviations ............................................................................................................................. 6 Definitions ............................................................................................................................................ 7 Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................. 8 1. Land use impacts on biodiversity in LCA: a global approach ........................................................ 10 1.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 10 1.2. Methods .................................................................................................................................. 11 1.2.1. Calculation of characterization factors ............................................................................... 11 1.2.2. Reference situation ............................................................................................................. 12 1.2.3. Data sources ........................................................................................................................ 13 1.2.4. Indicator selection and calculation ..................................................................................... 14 1.2.5. Statistical analysis................................................................................................................ 16 1.3. Results ..................................................................................................................................... 17 1.3.1. Land use impacts on biodiversity ........................................................................................ 17 1.3.2. Regionalization .................................................................................................................... 20 1.3.3. Indicator comparison .......................................................................................................... 21 1.4. Discussion................................................................................................................................ 23 1.4.1. Choice of indicator .............................................................................................................. 24 1.4.2. Taxonomic coverage ........................................................................................................... 26 1.4.3. Land use classification and regionalization ......................................................................... 27 1.4.4. Data limitations and uncertainties ...................................................................................... 28 1.5. Conclusion and recommendations ......................................................................................... 29 1.6. References .............................................................................................................................. 30 2. Land use impacts in LCA: Global characterization factors based on regional and global potential species extinctions .............................................................................................. 35 2.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 35 2.2. Methods .................................................................................................................................. 37 2.2.1. Modeling species extinction ................................................................................................ 37 2.2.2. Calculation of characterization factors ............................................................................... 38 2.2.3. Input data for model parameters ........................................................................................ 39 2.2.4. Uncertainty assessment ...................................................................................................... 40 2.2.5. Validation of species extinction .......................................................................................... 41 2.2.6. Sensitivity analysis ............................................................................................................... 41 2.3. Results ..................................................................................................................................... 41 2.3.1. Regional characterization factors ....................................................................................... 41 2.3.2. Contribution to uncertainty ................................................................................................ 43 2 2.3.3. Model evaluation ................................................................................................................ 44 2.3.4. Sensitivity analysis ............................................................................................................... 44 2.4. Discussion................................................................................................................................ 44 2.4.1. Modeling choices ................................................................................................................ 44 2.4.2. Data availability and uncertainty ........................................................................................ 45 2.4.3. Model validity ...................................................................................................................... 46 2.4.4. Applicability ......................................................................................................................... 47 2.4.5. Implications ......................................................................................................................... 48 2.5. References .............................................................................................................................. 48 3. Land use impacts on biodiversity: proposal of characterization factors based on functional diversity ........................................................................................................................ 53 3.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 53 3.2. Methods .................................................................................................................................. 55 3.2.1. Data sources ........................................................................................................................ 55 3.2.2. Land use classes .................................................................................................................. 56 3.2.3. Functional trait data ............................................................................................................ 56 3.2.4. Functional Diversity calculation .......................................................................................... 57 3.2.5. Calculation of Characterization Factors .............................................................................. 58 3.2.6. Statistical analysis................................................................................................................ 59 3.3. Results ..................................................................................................................................... 59 3.3.1. Land use impacts on biodiversity ........................................................................................ 59 3.3.2. Analysis of characterization factors (CFSR and CFFD) for each taxonomic group 59 3.3.3. Analysis of characterization factors for different land use types ....................................... 60 3.3.4. Sensitivity analysis for the choice of reference land use types .......................................... 64 3.4. Discussion...............................................................................................................................