Morphology of the collateral sulcal complex and discrimination of functional activation during navigation in the parahippocampal gyrus of the human brain Sonja Christina Huntgeburth Department of Psychology McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Initial submission October 5, 2015 Final submission December 10, 2015 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Clinical Psychology © Sonja C. Huntgeburth, 2015 1 Table of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................... 8 Résumé .................................................................................................................. 10 List of Tables ........................................................................................................ 15 List of Figures ....................................................................................................... 16 Chapter One .......................................................................................................... 18 1. General Introduction ..................................................................................... 18 1.1 Sulcal morphology laterally delimiting the parahippocampal gyrus ...... 30 1.2 Cytoarchitectonic organization and connectivity of the parahippocampal gyrus .............................................................................................................. 34 1.3 Parahippocampal gyrus and spatial information processing ................... 41 1.4 Probability maps in standard stereotaxic space ....................................... 51 1.5 Aims and Overview ................................................................................ 54 1.6 Figures ..................................................................................................... 56 Chapter Two .......................................................................................................... 59 2. Morphological patterns of the collateral sulcus in the human brain ............. 59 2.1 Abstract ................................................................................................... 60 2.2 Introduction ............................................................................................. 61 2.3 Materials and methods ............................................................................ 63 2.4 Results ..................................................................................................... 65 2.5 Discussion ............................................................................................... 71 2.6 References ............................................................................................... 85 2.7 Acknowledgements ................................................................................. 92 2.8 Abbreviations .......................................................................................... 92 2.9 Tables ...................................................................................................... 93 2.10 Figures ................................................................................................... 98 Chapter Three ...................................................................................................... 114 3. Three-dimensional probability maps of the rhinal and the collateral sulci in the human brain............................................................................................... 114 3.1 Prelude .................................................................................................. 115 3.2 Abstract ................................................................................................. 116 3.3 Introduction ........................................................................................... 117 3.4 Materials and methods .......................................................................... 119 3.5 Results ................................................................................................... 122 3.6 Discussion ............................................................................................. 128 3.7 References ............................................................................................. 139 3.8 Acknowledgements ............................................................................... 150 3.9 Tables .................................................................................................... 151 3.10 Figures ................................................................................................. 156 Chapter Four ....................................................................................................... 165 4. Local morphology informs location of activation during navigation within the parahippocampal region of the human brain ............................................. 165 4.1 Prelude .................................................................................................. 166 4.2 Abstract ................................................................................................. 168 4.3 Introduction ........................................................................................... 169 2 4.4 Materials and methods .......................................................................... 171 4.5 Results ................................................................................................... 177 4.6 Discussion ............................................................................................. 180 4.7 References ............................................................................................. 185 4.8 Acknowledgements ............................................................................... 190 4.9 Tables .................................................................................................... 191 4.10 Figures ................................................................................................. 196 Chapter Five ........................................................................................................ 202 5. Consequences of mild traumatic brain injury on functional activation patterns during navigation in a virtual-reality environment: an fMRI study ................ 202 5.1 Prelude .................................................................................................. 203 5.2 Abstract ................................................................................................. 204 5.3 Introduction ........................................................................................... 205 5.4 Materials and methods .......................................................................... 208 5.5 Results ................................................................................................... 214 5.6 Discussion ............................................................................................. 218 5.7 References ............................................................................................. 222 5.8 Acknowledgements ............................................................................... 230 5.9 Tables .................................................................................................... 231 5.10 Figures ................................................................................................. 234 Chapter Six .......................................................................................................... 238 6. General Discussion ..................................................................................... 238 6.1 The morphology of the collateral sulcal complex ................................. 241 6.2 Linking anatomy and function in the parahippocampal gyrus .............. 250 6.3 Anatomo-functional relationships from the healthy brain to the study of a clinical population ....................................................................................... 255 6.4 Conclusion ............................................................................................ 258 List of References for Introduction and Discussion ........................................... 259 Appendices .......................................................................................................... 286 3 Dedication I dedicate my thesis to my loving parents, Christel and Helmut Huntgeburth. You are the best parents a daughter could ever wish for. 4 Acknowledgements Immeasurable appreciation and deepest gratitude for their help and support are extended to the following persons who in one way or another have contributed to my personal and professional development throughout graduate school to where I am today. Dr. Michael Petrides, my thesis advisor: Thank you for the valuable experience I received throughout the years in your lab, for your continuous guidance and mentorship, for the inspiring discussions, and for making me appreciate the immense importance of a solid understanding of neuroanatomy, which forms the corner stone of neuroscience. I admire your precision in scientific thinking and writing, which continues to make me grow as a researcher and a clinician. On that note, I shall never split an infinitive again. Dr. Alain Ptito, my thesis co-advisor: Thank you for giving me the opportunity to further my knowledge of neuropsychology, and integrate clinical work with experimental research. The clinical experience