Public Disclosure Authorized Republic of Uganda Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries Public Disclosure Authorized AGRICULTURE CLUSTER DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Environmental and Social Management Framework Prepared By Public Disclosure Authorized Environment Consultants Hot Springs Restaurant Building Plot 27 Clément Hill Road P. O. Box 4066, Kampala, Uganda Tel : +256-41-4382924 Mob: +256-77-2458903 E-mail: [email protected] Public Disclosure Authorized September, 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................... i List of Figures .................................................................................................................................................viii Glossary of Terms ............................................................................................................................................. x Acronyms .........................................................................................................................................................xii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................. xv 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Agriculture Cluster Development Project .............................................................................................. 1 1.1.1 Project Development Objective (PDO) ......................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 Target Areas .................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1.3 Project Beneficiaries ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.4 PDO Level Results Indicators ....................................................................................................... 1 1.1.5 Project Components ...................................................................................................................... 2 1.1.6 Project Financing .......................................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Purpose of ESMF ................................................................................................................................... 7 1.3 Objectives ............................................................................................................................................... 7 1.4 Approach and Study Methodology in ESMF Preparation ...................................................................... 7 1.4.1 Document Review ......................................................................................................................... 7 1.4.2 Reconnaissance Field Visit ........................................................................................................... 8 1.4.3 Stakeholder Consultations ............................................................................................................. 8 2 CONSTRAINTS TO SMALLHOLDER AGRICULTURE AND SPECIFIC INTERVENTIONS UNDER THE ACDP 10 2.1 Crop Pests and Disease Attacks ........................................................................................................... 10 2.1.1 Vulnerability to Pests and Diseases ............................................................................................ 10 2.1.2 Factors contributing to Vulnerability .......................................................................................... 11 2.1.3 Risk Levels of Particular Crops .................................................................................................. 12 2.1.4 Access to Inputs .......................................................................................................................... 14 2.2 ACDP Interventions to address Pests and Diseases and Access to Inputs ........................................... 15 2.3 Poor Road Infrastructure ...................................................................................................................... 15 2.3.1 Status of Roads ........................................................................................................................... 15 2.3.2 Proposed ACDP Interventions on Road Infrastructure ............................................................... 16 2.4 Challenges of Climate Change ............................................................................................................. 17 i 2.4.1 Climate Variability and Rainfall Patterns ................................................................................... 18 2.4.2 Crop vulnerabilities to Climate Change ...................................................................................... 19 2.4.3 Vulnerability to climatic variability at Household Levels .......................................................... 19 2.4.4 Adaptation Measures to Climate Change Variability at Household levels ................................. 19 2.4.5 Adaptive Capacity to Climate Variability ................................................................................... 20 2.4.6 Need for Irrigation ...................................................................................................................... 20 2.4.7 Status of Irrigation Infrastructure ................................................................................................ 21 2.4.8 Proposed ACDP Interventions on Climate Change .................................................................... 24 2.5 Value Chain Losses .............................................................................................................................. 27 2.5.1 Definition .................................................................................................................................... 27 2.5.2 Need for Value Addition ............................................................................................................. 27 2.5.3 Existing Situation ........................................................................................................................ 27 2.5.4 Status of Storage Facilities .......................................................................................................... 30 2.5.5 Status of Sorting and Grading ..................................................................................................... 31 2.5.6 Status of Marketing Facilities ..................................................................................................... 32 2.5.7 Processing Facilities .................................................................................................................... 34 2.5.8 Status of Packaging and Branding .............................................................................................. 35 2.5.9 Farmers’ and Traders’ Cooperatives and Associations ............................................................... 36 2.5.10 Proposed ACDP Intervention ...................................................................................................... 38 2.6 Weak Regulatory Framework .............................................................................................................. 38 2.6.1 Adulterated and Expired Pesticides ............................................................................................ 38 2.6.2 Proposed ACDP Intervention ...................................................................................................... 38 2.7 Access to Land ..................................................................................................................................... 39 2.7.1 General Issues ............................................................................................................................. 39 2.7.2 Gender Issues in Land Tenure and Access to Farmland ............................................................. 39 2.8 Gender Issues in the Agriculture Sector in Uganda ............................................................................. 40 2.8.1 Gender Dimension in Crop Farming ........................................................................................... 40 2.8.2 Gender and Access to Agricultural Credit .................................................................................. 40 2.8.3 Patriarchy in land ownership at household Level ....................................................................... 41 2.8.4 ACDP Intervention on Gender .................................................................................................... 41 3 PROJECT BASELINE DESCRIPTION 42 3.1 Size and Location ................................................................................................................................. 42 3.2 Topography .......................................................................................................................................... 43 ii 3.3 Climate ................................................................................................................................................. 43 3.4 Geology and Soils ................................................................................................................................ 43 3.5 Biological Environment ......................................................................................................................