See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274884282 Phylogenetic relationships of Calomys sorellus complex (Rodentia: Cricetidae), with the description of two new species Article · June 2014 DOI: 10.15450/RMM141001 CITATION READS 1 49 4 authors: Horacio Zeballos R. EDUARDO Palma Pontifical Catholic University of Peru Pontifical Catholic University of Chile 33 PUBLICATIONS 562 CITATIONS 81 PUBLICATIONS 1,330 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Pablo A Marquet Gerardo Ceballos Pontifical Catholic University of Chile Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 211 PUBLICATIONS 9,142 CITATIONS 194 PUBLICATIONS 5,063 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Available from: Gerardo Ceballos Retrieved on: 19 August 2016 Revista Mexicana de Mastozoología Nueva época ISSN: 2007 - 4484 PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF Calomys sorellus COMPLEX (RODENTIA: CRICETIDAE), WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SPECIES HORACIO ZEBALLOS, R. EDUARDO PALMA, PABLO A. MARQUET , AND GERARDO CEBALLOS 1 Instituto de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Territorio y Energías Re- novables, Ponti!cia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel, Lima 32, Perú 2 Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Ponti!cia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago 6513677, Chile 3 Instituto de Ecologia & Biodiversidad (IEB), Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile 4 Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-275, Mexico D.F. 04510, México Autor de correspondencia: Horacio Zeballos; correo electrónico: [email protected] ABSTRACT We reviewed the phylogenetic relationships of forms assigned to Calomys sorellus based on the Cyto- chrome b gene sequences and morphological comparisons. We present the !rst description of the evolutionary relationships within the C. sorellus species complex. The results show a clade with species from lowlands of Eastern of Andes and other clade with Andean species which contains: C. musculinus, C. sorellus and C. lepidus which would be species complex. One of the new species occurs in the Ati- quipa Lomas in the coastal desert of southern Peru, and other on the occidental slope of southern Peru in Arequipa and Moquegua. These new species are based upon considering their phenotypic characte- ristics (size, coloration, pelage), geographic distribution, and molecular phylogeny. Key words: New species, rodent, Sigmodontinae, biodiversity, Peru. RESUMEN Revisamos las relaciones !logenéticas de las formas asignadas a Calomys sorellus basados en secuencias nucleotídicas del gen mitocondrial Citocromo b así como de caracteres morfológi- cos. Los resultados muestran un clado que agrupa a las formas de las tierras bajas al este de los Andes y a un clado andino, compuesto por: Calomys musculinus, Calomys sorellus y Calomys lepidus que serían complejos de especies. C. sorellus estaría compuesto por al menos cinco es- pecies, tres de ellas previamente fueron de!nidas como subespecies, a las que agregamos dos especies nuevas. Una de ellas habita en las lomas de Atiquipa en la costa desértica del sur del Perú, y la otra en las vertientes occidentales de los Andes del sur del Perú en Arequipa y Mo- quegua. Estas nuevas especies están de!nidas por sus diferencias morfológicas y moleculares y por su tamaño corporal, pelaje y distribución geográ!ca. Palabras clave: Especie nueva, roedor, Sigmodontinae, biodiversidad, Perú. tREVISTA MEXICANA DE MASTOZOOLOGÍA Nueva época "×PNúm1 Introduction Oliver Pearson (pers. comm.) captu- Sigmodontine rodents are one of the most di- red one individual of the Calomys genus in the verse groups of mammals in the world inhabi- coastal region of Arequipa, without assigning it ting almost all terrestrial environments of South to any species. We collected additional speci- America (Catze"is et al., 1992; Wilson and Ree- mens in the same locality. At !rst glance, those der, 2005). The tribe Phyllotini, one of the most specimens did not appear to be similar to any diverse groups in this subfamily, includes two species of the Calomys species already descri- very diverse genera, Phyllotis and Calomys. bed. Therefore, to de!ne the identity of those The genus Calomys inhabits a large region bet- specimens we carried out analyses of phyloge- ween Venezuela and Argentina in the Andean netic relationships. So, in this paper we analyze highlands and the eastern lowlands and is re- molecular and morphological traits of the genus lated to the oldest forms of the Sigmodontine Calomys in Peru to evaluate its phylogenetic re- radiation (Baskin, 1978). Most of these species lationships and species composition. inhabit the eastern lowlands of the Andes. Ca- brera (1961) and Ellerman (1941) recognized MATERIALS 10 to 15 species in this genus, but the number AND METHODS was reduced to four by Hershkovitz (1962). Study area However, two of these species Calomys lau- The Calomys specimens we used in this study cha and Calomys callosus, have been consi- included all its geographic range in Peru (Figure dered a species’ complex (Massoia et al., 1968; 1). The distribution range of Calomys in Peru Pearson and Patton, 1976; Williams and Mares, extends along the Puna from the northern An- 1978; Reig, 1986; Corti et al., 1987; Olds, 1988; des to the southern international border with Bonvicino and Almeida, 2000) and a recent re- Bolivia and Chile. The genus is also known form visions of the genus have recognized at least a small area on the southern coast of the Are- 13 species within it (Salazar-Bravo et al., 2001; quipa department where the seasonal fog input Bonvicino et al., 2010; Musser and Carleton, supports the development of rich vegetation 2005; Almeida et al., 2007; González-Ittig et al., along hills know as “Loma formations” (Figure 2007; Haag et al., 2007). 1). In the Peruvian Andes two species of Calomys have been recognized. Calomys le- Morphological characteristics pidus occurs in the highlands of the Andes We reviewed 240 Calomys specimens which above 3,000 m, from central Peru to northwes- are stored in the following collections: the Boli- tern Argentina (Pearson, 1951; Cabrera, 1961; vian Collection of Fauna (CBF) in La Paz, Bolivia; Heshkovitz, 1962; Steppan, 1995). The second the Museum of Natural History at the Univer- species, Calomys sorellus, is endemic to Peru, sidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (MUSM) where it is widely distributed along the Andes in Lima, Peru; and the Scienti!c Collection of from the northern most part of the country to Museum of Natural History of the Universidad the Peruvian Andes around Titicaca Lake (Pa- Nacional de San Agustin (MUSA) in Arequipa, checo, 2002). In the northern part of its range, Peru (Appendix 1). We followed the terminolo- C. sorellus lives above 2,000 m whereas in the gy for cranial and dental morphology described Andean regions of southern Peru it occurs over by Hershkovitz (1962), Carleton and Musser 3,300 m (Cabrera, 1961; Heshkovitz, 1962; (1989), Voss 1988, and Steppan (1995). Ex- Pearson, 1951; Steppan, 1995), and its occu- ternal and cranial measurements (Tables 1, 2) rrence in western Bolivia is also very likely (An- were recorded in millimeters (mm) and weight in derson, 1997). Three subspecies of C. sorellus grams (g). Body measurements were obtained have been recognized: C. s. sorellus, C. s. frida, from the skin label; tail length was subtracted and C. s. miurus. from total length to obtain the head-and-body length (HB). Other measurements included: To- REVISTA MEXICANA DE MASTOZOOLOGÍA Nueva época "×PNúmt LORETO LORETO LORETO LOLROERTEOTO LORLEOTROETO AMAZONAS CAJAMARCA SOUTH SAN MARTIN AMERICA AMAZONAS CAJAMARCA AMAZONAS AMAAMZAOZNOANSAS CAJAMAAMRACZAONAS CACJAAJMAAMRAZOCRANCAS SOUTH CAJAMARCA CALJAA LMIBAERRCTAAD SAN MARTIN AMERICA SSOOUUTTHH SAN MARTIN SOSUOTUHTH SASNA NM AMRATRITNIN AAMMEERRICIICAA SANS MANA RMTAINRTIN AMAEMREICRAICA LA LIBERTAD LA LIBERTAD LAL AL ILBIEBRETRATDAD LA LLIABA ELNRICBTAESRDHTAD HUANUCO UCAYALI HUANUCO ANCASH PASCO ANCASH HUANUCO ANACNACSAHSH HUHAUNAUNCUOCO ANCAANSCHASH HUAHNUUACNOUCO UCAYALI UCAYALI UCUACYAAYLAILI PASCO UCAUYCAALYI ALI LIMA JUNIN PASCO PAPSACSOCO CALLAO PASPCAOSCO MADRE DE DIOS LIMA JUNIN CALLAO LIMA JUNIN LILMIMAA JUJNUINNIN MADRE DE DIOS LIMALIMA HUANCAVELJIUCNAJINUNIN CALLAO CUSCO CACLALLALOAO MADRE DE DIOS CALCLALOLAO MAMDARDER ED ED ED IDOISOS MADMRAED DRE DIEO DSIOS HUANCAVELICA APURIMAC AYACUCHO CUSCO ICA HUANCAVELICA HUHAUNACNACVAEVLEILCIACA HUANCAVELICA CUSCO HUANCAVELICA CUCSUCSOCO CUSCCUOSCO PUNO FIGURE 1. MAP OF SPE- AYACUCHO APURIMAC ICA CIES DISTRIBUTION OF AYACUCHO APURIMAC AYAAYCAUCCUHCOHO APAUPRUIRMIAMCAC ICA AYACUCHO APUARPIMURAICMAC FROM ERU ICIACAAYACUCHO Calomys P : ICAICA AREQUIPA PUNO C. sorellus (BLACK LAGO TITICACA PUNO PUPNUONO SQUARES); C. miu- Altimetria PUNPOUNO rus (WHITE CIRCLES); m.s.n.m. AREQUIPA MOQUEGUA LAGO TITICACA AREQUIPA C. frida OF CUSCO ARAERQEUQIUPIAPA 0 - 2,000 AREQUIPA LAGO TITICACA AREQUIPA LALGAOG OT ITITCIACCAACA BLACK TRIANGLES Altimetria LAGLOA GTIOT ICTIATCICAACA ( ); C. 2,000 - 4,000 TACNA frida OF PUNO (WHITE m.s.n.m. AAltllittmiimeetrttiraii0a 75 150 300 Km Al>tAi 4ml,t0ie0mt0reiatria MOQUEGUA 0 - 2,000m.s.n.m. SQUARES); C. achaku mm.s.s.n.n.m.m. MOQUEGUA m.sm.n.s.m.n.m. MOMQOUQEUGEUGAUA MOQMUOEQGUUEAGUA (WHITE TRIANGLES, TYPE 2,000 - 4,000 0 0- 2-- ,20,,00000 0 - 02 ,-0 020,000 TACNA 2,0000 - 4,00705 150 300 Km WHITE STAR); AND C. > 4,000 2,20,00 0- 4- ,40,000 TACNA 2,0020,0 -0 04 ,-0 040,000 TATCANCANA 0 75 150 300 Km TACTNAACNA chinchilico (BLACK