◆Sponsored by: Korea Forest Research Institute Korea Forest Service The society for Korea White Pine International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO) ◆Conference Organizers: Korea Forest Research Institute British Columbia (Canada) Ministry of Forest and Range United States Department of Agiculture- Forest Service International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO) ◆Scientific Committee: Dr. John King (British Columbia Ministry of Forest & Range Research Branch, Canada) Dr. Eun Woon Noh (Korea Forest Research Institute, Republic of Korea) Breeding and Genetic Resources of Five-Needle Pines : Dr. Richard Seniezko (USDA Forest Service, Dorena Forest Research Centre, USA) Ecophysiology, Disease Resistance and Developmental Biology Dr. Dimitry Politov (Russian Academy of Science, Russia) Dr. Yong-Joon La (Seoul National University, Republic of Korea) Dr. Ann Schoettle (USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, USA) 발행자 : 최완용 Dr. David Noshad (Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Canada) 집필자 : 나용준 외 109인 편집자 : David Noshad, Eun Woon Noh, John King, Richard A. Sniezko : ◆Local Organizers: 발행소 국립산림과학원 서울특별시 동대문구 회기로 57 Dr. Eun Woon Noh (Korea Forest Research Institute, Republic of Korea) 전화 : (031)290-1161 : (031)290-1020 Dr. Jae-Seon Yi (Kangwon National Univerisity, Republic of Korea) FAX 인쇄: 도서출판 한림원(주) Dr. Seok Woo Lee (Korea Forest Research Institute, Republic of Korea) 전화 : (02)2273-4201,4204,4246 Dr. Kwan-Soo Woo (Korea Forest Research Institute, Republic of Korea) FAX : (02)2266-9083 http://www.hanrimwon.co.kr Dr. Sang Urk Han (Korea Forest Research Institute, Republic of Korea) ISBN 978-89-8176-605-4 (93520) Publisher : Dr. Wan Yong Choi, The Director General Korea Forest Reserch Institute Seoul, Korea December 2009 ◆Sponsored by: Korea Forest Research Institute Korea Forest Service The society for Korea White Pine International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO) ◆Conference Organizers: Korea Forest Research Institute British Columbia (Canada) Ministry of Forest and Range United States Department of Agiculture- Forest Service International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO) ◆Scientific Committee: Dr. John King (British Columbia Ministry of Forest & Range Research Branch, Canada) Dr. Eun Woon Noh (Korea Forest Research Institute, Republic of Korea) Breeding and Genetic Resources of Five-Needle Pines : Dr. Richard Seniezko (USDA Forest Service, Dorena Forest Research Centre, USA) Ecophysiology, Disease Resistance and Developmental Biology Dr. Dimitry Politov (Russian Academy of Science, Russia) Dr. Yong-Joon La (Seoul National University, Republic of Korea) Dr. Ann Schoettle (USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, USA) 발행자 : 최완용 Dr. David Noshad (Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Canada) 집필자 : 나용준 외 109인 편집자 : David Noshad, Eun Woon Noh, John King, Richard A. Sniezko : ◆Local Organizers: 발행소 국립산림과학원 서울특별시 동대문구 회기로 57 Dr. Eun Woon Noh (Korea Forest Research Institute, Republic of Korea) 전화 : (031)290-1161 : (031)290-1020 Dr. Jae-Seon Yi (Kangwon National Univerisity, Republic of Korea) FAX 인쇄: 도서출판 한림원(주) Dr. Seok Woo Lee (Korea Forest Research Institute, Republic of Korea) 전화 : (02)2273-4201,4204,4246 Dr. Kwan-Soo Woo (Korea Forest Research Institute, Republic of Korea) FAX : (02)2266-9083 http://www.hanrimwon.co.kr Dr. Sang Urk Han (Korea Forest Research Institute, Republic of Korea) ISBN 978-89-8176-605-4 (93520) Publisher : Dr. Wan Yong Choi, The Director General Korea Forest Reserch Institute Seoul, Korea December 2009 PROCEEDINGS Breeding and Genetic Resources of Five-Needle Pines : Ecophysiology, Disease Resistance and Developmental Biology 22-26 September, 2008 KOREA FOREST Yangyang, Republic of Koea RESEARCH INSTITUTE Abstract In: Noshad David; Noh Eun Woon; King, John; Sniezko, Richard A. (Eds. 2009) Breeding and Genetic Resources of Five- Needle Pines. Proceedings of the Conference 2008, Yangyang, Korea. Korea Forest Research Institute, Seoul 104p. ISBN 978- 89-8176-605-4 (93520). The Proceedings presented here represent the 3rd highly successful conference we have held in recent years for the IUFRO Working Party 2.02.15: The Breeding and Genetic Resources of Five-Needle Pines. This working group highlights work related to quantitative and molecular genetics, resistance to diseases and pests, hybridization, selection and improvement, genecology and conservation genetics in all five-needle pines. Underlying this work is the threat that this species group faces from climate change and disease especially white pine blister rust. This conference was the first time this group has met in East Asia. Participants were grateful to our Korean hosts for their generosity and providing a very well run and informative conference. The other two recent conferences were held at Medford Oregon, USA in 2001 and Valiug, Romania in 2006. One of the major themes of the meeting, incorporated into these proceedings, is the international efforts and concerns being taken to conserve important gene pools of these ecological and culturally important species. This ranged from: P. chiapensis in southern Mexico and Guatemala which plays a key role in ecosystem regeneration in areas managed under slash-and-burn agri- cultural systems for indigenous peoples; to critically endangered species in Vietnam, to efforts at conservation genetics in Siberia and the North American Rockies. Another major theme of the conference centered around concern over white pine blister rust caused by the pathogen Cronartium ribicola. Efforts through breeding and selection from countries ranging from Canada, Romania. and the USA were discussed as well as the Korean efforts at control in the native P. koraiensis forests. A commitment to international cooperation and coordi- nation in understanding and helping control this pathogen was made at the meeting. There was a commitment to strengthen the international efforts at research in this important species group and encourage ongo- ing exchange of information and material. The Russian delegation offered to host the next meeting in Tomsk in Siberia and we hope to co-ordinate this with the IUFRO world congress to be held in Seoul, Korea in 2010. John King Working group 2.02.15 chair British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Canada -i- Key words: five needle pines, white pines, Cronartium ribicloa Pinus L. Subgenus Strobus Lemm. Species Classification of the species as used in these proceedings follows: Price, R.A., A. Liston, and S.H. Strauss. 1998. Phylogeny and systematics of Pinus. In Richardson, D.M. (ed.), Ecology and Biogeography of Pinus. Cambridge University Press. p. 49-68. Section Strobus, Subsection Strobi Loud. P. armandii Franchet. Armand pine P. ayacahuite Ehrenberg ex. Schlechtendahl. Mexican white pine P. bhutanica Grierson, Long & Page. (no English common name) P. chiapensis (Martinez) Andresen. (formerly P. strobus var. chiapensis) Mexican white pine P. dabeshanensis (formerly syn. for P. armandii, now separate species) P. dalatensis de Ferre (Vietnamese common names only) P. fenzeliana Handel-Mazzetti (Vietnam; no English common name) P. flexilis James. Limber pine P. lambertiana Douglas. Sugar pine P. monticola Douglas ex. D.Don. Western white pine P. morrisonicola Hayata. Taiwan white pine P. parviflora Siebold & Zuccarini. Japanese white pine P. peuce Grisebach. Macedonian pine; Balkan pine P. strobiformis Engelmann. Southwestern white pine P. strobus Linnaeus. Eastern white pine P. wallichiana A.B. Jackson (syn. P. griffithii McClelland). Blue pine; Himalayan white pine P. wangii Hu & Cheng. (no English common name) Section Strobus, Subsection Cembrae Loud. P. albicaulis Engelmann. Whitebark pine P. c em b ra Linnaeus. Swiss stone pine; Arolla pine P. koraiensis Siebold & Zuccarini. Korean pine P. pumila von Regel. Japanese stone pine P. sibirica du Tour. Siberian stone pine Section Parrya Mayr, Subsection Balfourianae Engelm. P. aristata Engelmann. Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine P. balfouriana Greville & Balfour. Foxtail pine P. longaeva D.K. Bailey. Great Basin bristlecone pine -ii- Message of the Director General Five needle pines are important tree species both in economic and ecological terms. In Korea, we have three native and one exotic five needle pines. They have been greatly utilized as sources for timber, nuts and landscape materials. Korean pine has been a good source of timber and edible nuts in Korea. During the past 50 years, we have established Korean pine seed orchards to provide good quality seeds for plantation. We have also performed various research to understand genetic structure of natural stands and to control genetic make-up of the seed orchards. In contrast, a remnant population of Pinus pumila in the peak of the Sorak Mountain represents the Southern most population in Korean peninsula. It warns us how fast the global warming progresses. Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) is a promising species in Korea since it grows fast and straight. Several provenance tests are being done to select best seed sources. However, the health of both the natural stands and the artificial plantations has been greatly threatened by white pine blister rust, pine nematodes and recently by global warming. We need more knowledge on five needle pines in context to their conservation and utilization. Therefore, KFRI, together with the Korean White Pine Society, hosted the IUFRO Working Party 2.02.15 (Breeding and Genetic Resources of Five-needle pines) in September 22, 2008. The scientists in Korea