Strategies for Survival and Development of Children Aged 0–6 in China Strategies for Survival and Development of Children 中 Acquisitions Editor: Dong Caixuan( 董采萱） 国 Executive Editor: Liu Yan（刘燕） Jin Yi（靳奕） 0~ 6岁 儿 童 生 存 中国 0~6 岁儿童生存发展策略 发 展 策 —从证据到行动（英文版） 略 — Strategies for Survival and Development 从 证 of Children Aged 0–6 in China: 据 到 from Evidence to Action 行 动 ︵ 英 文 版 ︶ （金曦） （罗荣） （曹彬） : from Evidence to Action : from Evidence to Chief Editors: Jin Xi Luo Rong Cao Bin Robert Scherpbier Guo Sufang（郭素芳） Department of Maternal and Child Health of the NHC UNICEF China 北京大学医学出版社 National Center for Women and Children’s Health, China CDC 北京大学医学出版社 Peking University Medical Press 中国 0 ~ 6 岁儿童生存发展策略 —从证据到行动（英文版） Strategies for Survival and Development of Children Aged 0–6 in China: from Evidence to Action Chief Editors: Jin Xi（金曦）, Luo Rong（罗荣）, Cao Bin（曹彬）, Robert Scherpbier, Guo Sufang（郭素芳） Chief Proofreaders: Qin Geng（秦耕）, Song L（i 宋莉）, Zhang Tong（张彤）, Xu Xiaochao（徐晓超） Department of Maternal and Child Health of the NHC UNICEF China National Center for Women and Children’s Health, China CDC 北京大学医学出版社 Peking University Medical Press ZHONGGUO 0 ~ 6 SUI ERTONG SHENGCUN FAZHAN CELÜE—CONG ZHENGJU DAO XINGDONG(YING WEN BAN) 图书在版编目（CIP）数据 中国0 ~ 6岁儿童生存发展策略：从证据到行动(英 文版)＝Strategies for Survival and Development of Children Aged 0–6 in China: from Evidence to Action/ 金 曦等主编. - 北京 : 北京大学医学出版社, 2019.3 ISBN 978-7-5659-1956-5 Ⅰ. ①中… Ⅱ. ①金… Ⅲ. ①儿童－保健－英文 Ⅳ. ①R179 中国版本图书馆CIP数据核字(2019)第042195号 Strategies for Survival and Development of Children Aged 0–6 in China: from Evidence to Action Copyright © 2019 Peking University Medical Press. 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China, via email at [email protected], or via our website at http://www.pumpress.com.cn Printed in the People’s Republic of China 中国0~6岁儿童生存发展策略—从证据到行动（英文版）（Strategies for Survival and Development of Children Aged 0–6 in China: from Evidence to Action） 主 编：金曦 罗荣 曹彬 Robert Scherpbier 郭素芳 出版发行：北京大学医学出版社 地 址：（100191）北京市海淀区学院路38号 北京大学医学部院内 电 话：发行部 010-82802230；图书邮购 010-82802495 网 址：http：//www.pumpress.com.cn E - m a i l ：[email protected] 印 刷：北京强华印刷厂 经 销：新华书店 责任编辑：刘 燕 靳 奕 责任校对：靳新强 责任印制：李 啸 开 本：889 mm×1194 mm 1/16 印张：7.25 字数：185千字 版 次： 2019年3月第1版 2019年3月第1次印刷 书 号：ISBN 978-7-5659-1956-5 版权所有，违者必究 （凡属质量问题请与本社发行部联系退换） Editorial Board Chief Editors Jin Xi National Center for Women and Children’s Health, China CDC Luo Rong National Center for Women and Children’s Health, China CDC Cao Bin Department of Maternal and Child Health of the NHC Robert Scherpbier UNICEF China Guo Sufang UNICEF ROSA Office Chief Proofreaders Qin Geng Department of Maternal and Child Health of the NHC Song Li Department of Maternal and Child Health of the NHC Zhang Tong National Center for Women and Children’s Health, China CDC Xu Xiaochao Department of Maternal and Child Health of the NHC Board Members (in the alphabetic order) Cao Bin Department of Maternal and Child Health of the NHC Chang Suying UNICEF China Fan Fucheng National Center for Rural Water Supply Technical Guidance, China CDC Gong Limin National Center for Women and Children’s Health, China CDC Guo Sufang UNICEF ROSA Office He Chunhua National Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China He Zhimin National Center for Women and Children’s Health, China CDC Hu Wenling National Center for Women and Children’s Health, China CDC Huang Xiaona UNICEF China Jin Xi National Center for Women and Children’s Health, China CDC Lai Jianqiang National Institute for Nutrition and Health, China CDC Li Hong Department of Maternal and Child Health of the NHC Liu Yanmin National Immunization Program, China CDC Luo Rong National Center for Women and Children’s Health, China CDC Pan Xiaoping National Center for Women and Children’s Health, China CDC Pang Xuehong National Institute for Nutrition and Health, China CDC Qin Geng Department of Maternal and Child Health of the NHC Qiu Yingpeng China National Health Development Research Center Robert Scherpbier UNICEF China Song Li Department of Maternal and Child Health of the NHC Tao Yong National Center for Rural Water Supply Technical Guidance, China CDC Tian Xiaobo UNICEF China Wang Fang National Center for Women and Children’s Health, China CDC Wang Huaqing National Immunization Program, China CDC Wang Huishan National Center for Women and Children’s Health, China CDC Wang Kun National Center for Women and Children’s Health, China CDC Wang Yanping National Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China Wu Jing Office of NCD and Community Health, China CDC Wu Jiuling National Center for Women and Children’s Health, China CDC Xiao Yue China National Health Development Research Center Xu Xiaochao Department of Maternal and Child Health of the NHC Yang Yuning UNICEF China Yang Zhenbo UNICEF China Ye Jianli National Center for Women and Children’s Health, China CDC Zhang Tong National Center for Women and Children’s Health, China CDC Zhang Yuhui China National Health Development Research Center Zhao Chunxia UNICEF China Zhao Kun China National Health Development Research Center Zheng Ruimin National Center for Women and Children’s Health, China CDC Zhu Xu UNICEF China Preface Children are a nation’s hope and future. Childhood is a critical period in a person’s life. Good opportunities and conditions for survival, development, protection and participation are necessary to meet the needs of children and provide them with a solid foundation on which to grow and ultimately realize their potentials. The Government of P. R. China attaches great importance to women and children’s survival and health status, and it has achieved outstanding results in securing women and children’s survival and development, improving the health of women and children, and reducing maternal and child mortality across China. However, every year, China’s child mortality statistic is still a considerable figure given the country’s large population base, and the level of health for China’s children varies between regions of the country, between urban and rural areas, and between communities of the population. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee decided and approved to allow all couples to have two children. The initiation of the two-child policy has enabled a sharp increase in cumulative birth demand. As a result, the number of live births also has increased, the proportion of advanced maternal age pregnancies has risen, and the risks of maternal comorbidities/complications during pregnancy and birth have grown. All these situations bring new challenges to further reducing the maternal and child mortality and ensuring maternal and child safety. Under the leadership of the Department of Maternal and Child Health of the National Health Commission of the PRC (NHC) and the support of the China Office of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the National Center for Women and Children’s Health of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC) set up a study team in 2013 to work on the strategies for survival and development of children aged 0–6 in China. The study team is composed of dozens of experts and researchers in the disciplines of maternal and child health care, nutrition, water and environment, chronic disease prevention, immunization, epidemiology and health statistics, health management, health economics, policy research, and administrative management. The study team comprehensively analyzed the health status of children, provision and utilization of child health care services, key diseases and health issues that may affect children’s survival and health and main factors therein, and the governmental support to child health for children aged 0-6 in China. Referring to leading international experience while maintaining China’s reality at the forefront, the study team analyzed globally-advocated, evidence- based, well-performed and cost-effective strategies and measures for reducing child mortality, protecting children and promoting child development to create the maternal and child health care intervention package, including core interventions aligned particularly to the situations in China. After discussing the cost-effectiveness, drivers and barriers for implementation, and necessary support of environment and resources for the interventions, the study team proposed the strategies and measures for survival and development of children aged 0–6 across China in the coming period. The major seven strategies proposed include: strengthening the training of special personnel, building a sound service network, increasing the child health cost-effectiveness ratio, improving the basic medical care system for children, promoting the maternal and child health care intervention package, accelerating and improving the formulation of relevant policies, and enhancing multi-sector cooperation. This report fully illustrates the idea, methodology and results of study on strategies for survival and development of children aged 0–6 in China. The study results can provide a reference for local governments at all levels to define their respective strategies for enhancing