An Introduction to FFmpeg, DaVinci Resolve, Timelapse and Fulldome Video Production, Special Effects, Color Grading, Streaming, Audio Processing, Canon 5D-MK4, Panasonic LUMIX GH5S, Kodak PIXPRO SP360 4K, Ricoh Theta V, Synthesizers, Image Processing and Astronomy Software by Michael Koch, [email protected] Version from October 7, 2021 1 Contents 1 Introduction to FFmpeg .............................................................................. 9 2.27 Sharpen or blur images .................................................................. 57 1.1 What can be done with FFmpeg? .................................................... 11 2.28 Extract a time segment from a video ............................................. 58 1.2 If FFmpeg has no graphical user interface, how do we use it? .... 12 2.29 Trim filter ......................................................................................... 59 1.3 The first example .............................................................................. 14 2.30 Tpad filter, add a few seconds black at the beginning or end .... 60 1.4 Using variables ................................................................................. 15 2.31 Extract the last 30 seconds of a video .......................................... 61 2 FFmpeg in detail ....................................................................................... 16 2.32 Fade-in and fade-out ....................................................................... 62 2.1 Convert from one video format to another video format ............... 16 2.33 Crossfading ..................................................................................... 63 2.2 Change the container format ........................................................... 16 2.34 Crop a video .................................................................................... 64 2.3 Fit timelapse length to music length ............................................... 17 2.35 Add borders to a video ................................................................... 65 2.4 Timelapse or slideshow from many images, with crossfading ..... 18 2.36 Zoompan .......................................................................................... 65 2.5 Slideshow with different durations ................................................ 20 2.37 Changing the speed: slow motion and timelapse ........................ 66 2.6 Slideshow with scrolling images ..................................................... 21 2.38 Slow motion or timelapse only for a segment of the video ......... 67 2.7 Extract many images from a video .................................................. 24 2.39 Time Remapping ............................................................................. 68 2.8 Extract the first and last frame from a video .................................. 25 2.40 Insert a text which is visible for the whole duration .................... 70 2.9 Modify brightness, contrast, saturation, gamma and hue ............. 26 2.41 Slowly fade a text in and out .......................................................... 70 2.10 Strong contrast enhancement ....................................................... 27 2.42 Vertical alignment of text ................................................................ 72 2.11 Inverting a video or image (make a negative) ............................... 28 2.43 Show a running clock in the video ................................................ 73 2.12 Colorchannelmixer filter ................................................................. 30 2.44 Generation of curved text for fulldome projection ...................... 75 2.13 Day-for-Night ................................................................................... 32 2.45 Write text on a transparent layer ................................................... 78 2.14 Colorcorrect filter ............................................................................ 33 2.46 Combine multiple videos with concat demuxer ........................... 79 2.15 Colortemperature filter ................................................................... 35 2.47 Combine multiple videos with concat filter .................................. 81 2.16 Selectivecolor filter ......................................................................... 37 2.48 The "fps" filter ................................................................................. 81 2.17 Colorbalance filter .......................................................................... 39 2.49 Split a video in multiple segments ................................................ 82 2.18 Colorcontrast filter .......................................................................... 41 2.50 Switch between two cameras, using audio from camera1 .......... 83 2.19 Monochrome filter ........................................................................... 43 2.51 Stack videos side by side (or on top of each other) ................... 84 2.20 Gradation curves ............................................................................ 46 2.52 Horizontal and vertical flipping ...................................................... 84 2.21 Color grading with color look-up tables, full workflow ............... 47 2.53 Stack four videos to a 2x2 mosaic ................................................ 85 2.22 Color grading with color look-up tables, simplified workflow .... 49 2.54 Blink comparator ............................................................................ 86 2.23 Size of color-look-up tables ........................................................... 50 2.55 Creating animated GIF or PNG ...................................................... 88 2.24 Colorhold, chromahold and hsvhold ............................................ 54 2.56 Overlay an animated GIF over a video .......................................... 89 2.25 Atmospheric dispersion correction ............................................... 56 2.57 Changing the size of an animated GIF .......................................... 89 2.26 Amplify filter .................................................................................... 57 2.58 Replace one frame in a video by another ..................................... 90 2 2.59 Blend filter ....................................................................................... 91 2.97 Shifting the viewing direction in a fisheye image or video ....... 156 2.60 Circular mask (View through eyepiece) ........................................ 93 2.98 How the "drawbox" filter works ................................................... 158 2.61 Binocular view simulation .............................................................. 95 2.99 Stitching together double-fisheye videos ................................... 159 2.62 Vignetting ........................................................................................ 96 2.100 Remove stitching artefacts ........................................................ 161 2.63 Subtracting a darkframe ................................................................. 97 2.101 Stitch double-fisheye images with alignment errors ............... 165 2.64 Histogram ........................................................................................ 97 2.102 Preprocessing a flat video for fulldome projection .................. 169 2.65 Lagfun filter ..................................................................................... 98 2.103 Rotating the earth, moon or planet ............................................ 172 2.66 Deflicker a video ........................................................................... 100 2.104 Live rotation of the moon ........................................................... 177 2.67 Star trails ....................................................................................... 103 2.105 Insert a crosshair in a live video ................................................ 179 2.68 Bird trails ....................................................................................... 104 2.106 Tunnel effect ................................................................................ 180 2.69 Rainbow-trail effect ....................................................................... 107 2.107 Black hole simulation with remap filter ..................................... 184 2.70 Temporal slice-stacking effect ..................................................... 108 2.108 Wormhole simulation .................................................................. 189 2.71 Extract and merge planes, split planes ....................................... 109 2.109 Simulation of a moving wormhole ............................................. 194 2.72 Colorkey ......................................................................................... 110 2.110 Dynamically change commands with "sendcmd" or "zmq" .... 198 2.73 Chromakey ..................................................................................... 111 2.111 Sendcmd and commands ........................................................... 199 2.74 HSVkey ........................................................................................... 112 2.112 Sending commands with ZMQ ................................................... 203 2.75 Lumakey ......................................................................................... 113 2.113 FFmpeg and C# Programming ................................................... 205 2.76 Bluescreen / greenscreen ............................................................