Space Aeronautics a *P the Present Aeronautics and Space Report of the President 1982 Activities National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, D.C. 20546 Contents Page Page Summary . 1 Environmental Protection Agency . 71 Communications . 2 National Science Foundation 72 Earth's Resources and Environment 3 Astronomy . 72 Space Science . ... 3 Atmospheric Sciences . 72 Space Transportation ... 5 Smithsonian Institution 75 Aeronautics ... 5 Space Sciences . 75 Space Energy . 7 Planetary Science . 76 National Aeronautics and Space History of Space Science ... 76 Administration . 9 Department of State 77 Applications to the Earth ... 9 Activities within the United Nations . 77 Science 12 Communications Satellites . 78 Space Transportation . 15 Space Research and Technology 19 Arms Control and Disarmament Agency 79 Space Tracking and Data Systems . 21 Space Policy . 79 Aeronautical Research and Technology 22 Multilateral Discussions on Space Arms Department of Defense • 27 Control . 79 Space Activities 27 UNISPACE'82 . 79 Aeronautical Activities . 31 Space Conference . 79 Space and Aeronautical Support . 37 United States Information Agency 81 Cooperation with NASA . 39 Space Shuttle 81 Department of Commerce . 41 UNISPACE '82 81 Space Systems . 41 Other Programs 82 Other Uses of Satellites . 47 Space Support Activities . 49 Space and Atmospheric Research 50 Appendixes Aeronautical Programs 52 Department of Energy 53 A-l U S Spacecraft Record 83 Space Applications of Nuclear Power 53 A-2 World Record of Space Launches Nuclear Waste Disposal . 54 Successful in Attaining Earth Oibit or Remote Sensing of the Earth 54 Beyond . 83 Nuclear Test Detection ... 54 A-3 Successful U S Launchmgs-1982 84 Department of the Interior . 55 B-l US -Launched Applications Satellites, Earth Resources Observation Systems 1977-1982 88 Office 55 B-2 U S -Launched Scientific Satellites, Monitoring the Environment 56 1977-1982 89 Geology . 58 Cartography 58 B-3 U S -Launched Space Probes, 1975-1982 90 International Activities 59 C. US and Soviet Manned Spaceflights, Department of Agriculture 61 1961-1982 91 Agriculture and Resources Inventories 61 D US Space Launch Vehicles 95 Aerial Crane for Logging 61 E-l Space Activities of the U S Government Federal Communications Commission 63 Historical Budget Summary — Communications Satellites . 63 Budget Authority 96 Experiments and Studies 64 E-2 Space Activities Budget 97 Department of Transportation 65 E-3 Aeronautics Budget . 97 Aviation Safety . 65 F United States Space Policy . 98 Environmental Research 66 G Aeronautical Research and Air Navigation and Air Traffic Control 67 Technology Policy 101 iit Aerospace Events of 1982 Postlanding processing begins on Space Shuttle Columbia (above) after touchdown 16 November at Dryden Flight Research Facility, California, to complete the first operational mission (flight STS 5) of the Space Transportation System. Uncommon rainwater has turned the usually dry lake bed into a mirror. During STS 5, the Satellite Business System's SBS 3 communications satellite (at left) was spun out of Columbia's cargo bay 11 November in the first satellite launch from the Shuttle. Beyond the open SBS 3 cradle, Telesat Canada's still- enclosed Anik C-3 awaits launch into its orbit the next day. President and Mrs. Reagan greet astronauts Ken Mattingly (left) and Henry Hartsfield on Columbia's 4 July landing after the STS 4 test mission. The first four orbital test flights proved the Space Transportation System was ready for operations. Orbiting satellites continue to monitor the earth: A 40-km-wide area (at right) of the Death Valley region of California and Nevada was imaged by Landsat f?, new thematic mapper on 17 November, showing vegetation-sparse terrain, snow, rock types, geological structures, and mineralization in detail. A GOES 4 weather satellite photo (above) taken on 23 November shows Hurricane Iwa 240 km southwest of Kauai, Hawaii, accelerating rapid- ly northeastward. Iwa passed Kauai a few hours later, with winds in excess of 160 km per hour. The Air Force's inertial upper stage (IUS) "pathfinder" test vehicle (at left) is mounted in the Shuttle support cradle. An expendable upper stage, the IUS will transfer payloads from the Shuttle's low earth orbit to higher mission orbits. As an up- per stage on the Titan launch vehicle in 1982, it placed two DSCS communications satellites in orbit for the Department of Defense. Above, stand tests of a large-scale model at Ames Research Center in- vestigate characteristics of a turbofan-powered, subsonic V/STOL concept in a joint Navy- NASA-Grumman Aerospace research program. Summary Three orbital flights of the Space Shuttle Columbia in mankind " He declared the United States was commit- 1982 lifted the U S space program's reusable Space ted to maintaining world leadership in space transpor- Transportation System from flight testing into opera- tation, space science, applications, and technology tions The five-day STS 5 flight in November - Among objectives was exploration of needs and con- manned by four astronauts for the first time and cepts for permanent space facilities The president also following the eight-day STS 3 and seven-day STS reaffirmed the principle of two separate, interacting, 4 —delivered two commercial satellites to orbit on the civil and military U S. space programs He stated the Shuttle's first operational mission, promising returns basic goals of U S space policy are to on the nation's investment in flexible, routine, round- — strengthen the security of the United States, trip access to space — maintain United States space leadership, Other orbiting spacecraft sharpened our observation — obtain economic and scientific benefits through the of the earth, expanded the increasingly important exploitation of space, civilian and military communications and weather net- — expand United States private-sector investment and works, and advanced our knowledge of the at- space-related activities, — promote international cooperative activities in the mosphere, the interstellar medium, and the sun's ef- national interest, and fects on the earth A new thematic mapper on Landsat — cooperate with other nations in maintaining the 4, launched into orbit by a Delta launch vehicle in freedom of space for activities which enhance the July, began producing data of even higher quality than security and welfare of mankind expected, for geophysical sciences, mapping, and In aeronautics, NASA completed two large wind- monitoring the earth's resources tunnel test facilities DoD and NASA projects made The year's 18 U S space launches included the 3 advances in testing new aircraft wing designs, fuel- launches of the reusable Space Shuttle and 15 of ex- efficient engines, composite structures, digital fly-by- pendable vehicles, 9 of them by NASA and 6 by the wire controls, vertical or short takeoff and landing air- Department of Defense (DoD) Because DoD launched craft, supersonic technology, and rotorcraft DoD two satellites on one vehicle, total payloads placed in awarded development contracts for the modernized orbit by expendable vehicles reached 16. The 3 Shuttle multirole B-1B bomber and began studies for an ad- flights, plus the 2 satellites placed in separate orbits vanced tactical fighter for the 1990s NASA and the from one of those flights, added 5 payloads to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) experimented count, for a total of 21 U S payloads launched into or- with new technology and materials to reduce hazards bit during 1982 Among these, NASA launched 10 to aircraft from lightning, wind shear, fire, and icing communications satellites —all reimbursable launches In November, the president's Office of Science and for private or international users —and 1 earth Technology Policy issued an aeronautical policy state- resources satellite, Landsat 4, to be turned over to the ment recognizing that a strong aeronautical industry is National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration essential to the nation's security and economy and that (NOAA) in 1983 DoD launched 2 communications the federal government's role in providing basic satellites, 1 weather satellite, and 4 other military technology is important to the nation's leadership in satellites Shuttle flights also carried experiments into aviation (the findings and recommendations are orbit and back to earth for atmospheric and earth reproduced in appendix G) observations, materials processing, life sciences, and a UNISPACE '82, the second United Nations Con- DoD mission ference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer On 4 July, the day Columbia landed after its fourth Space, held in Vienna in August, emphasized interna- flight—its second 1982 mission —President Reagan tional cooperation and further extension of space issued a statement on United States space policy for the science and technology to developing countries The next decade (see appendix F) The president reaf- United States proposed a number of initiatives, in- firmed the national commitment to exploration and cluding U S -sponsored conferences on global disaster use of space for the national well-being and "by all na- monitoring and early warning and on rural satellite tions for peaceful purposes and the benefit of communications 1 Communications satellite (LEASAT) progressed toward scheduled 1984 Space Shuttle launch Communications satellites again dominated U S INMARSAT The International Maritime Satellite launch numbers m 1982, accounting for 12 of the 21 Organization in February 1982 began