TUCSON INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT DRAFT TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE SUMMARY S.1 Environmental Review Process ............................................... S-1 S.2 Purpose and Need ................................................................. S-2 S.2.1 FAA Purpose and Need ............................................................. S-2 S.2.2 USAF Purpose and Need ............................................................ S-2 S.2.3 NGB Purpose and Need .............................................................. S-2 S.2.4 Tucson Airport Authority (TAA) Purpose and Need ......................... S-2 S.3 Alternatives .......................................................................... S-3 S.4 Environmental Consequences and Mitigation Measures .............. S-4 S.5 FAA’s Preferred Alternative ..................................................... S-5 CHAPTER 1 – PURPOSE AND NEED 1.1 Introduction ......................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Background Information ........................................................ 1-2 1.2.1 Description of Existing Airport .................................................... 1-2 1.2.2 Existing Runways and Taxiways .................................................. 1-2 1.2.3 Aviation Activity ........................................................................ 1-8 1.3 Project Purpose and Need .................................................... 1-13 1.3.1 FAA Purpose and Need ............................................................ 1-20 1.3.2 USAF Purpose and Need .......................................................... 1-31 1.3.3 NGB Purpose and Need ............................................................ 1-32 1.3.4 TAA Purpose and Need ............................................................ 1-33 1.4 Description of Proposed Action .............................................. 1-34 1.4.1 Connected and Similar Actions.................................................. 1-40 1.5 Requested Federal Actions ................................................... 1-45 1.6 Environmental Review Process and Timeframe of the Proposed Action .................................................................. 1-47 1.7 EIS Document Organization .................................................. 1-49 May 2018 Table of Contents Page i TUCSON INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT DRAFT TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE CHAPTER 2 –ALTERNATIVES 2.1 Alternatives Introduction ........................................................ 2-1 2.2 Airfield Safety Enhancement Alternatives Screening Process ................................................................................ 2-1 2.3 Initial Range of Alternatives ................................................... 2-2 2.3.1 No Action Alternative ................................................................. 2-2 2.3.2 On-Site Airfield Alternatives ....................................................... 2-7 2.3.3 Off-Site Alternatives (Use of Other Existing Airports) ................... 2-17 2.4 Step One: Achieves Purpose and Need ................................... 2-23 2.4.1 No Action Alternative ............................................................... 2-23 2.4.2 On-Site Airfield Alternatives ..................................................... 2-23 2.5 Step Two: Practical or Feasible to Implement ......................... 2-26 2.5.1 No Action Alternative ............................................................... 2-29 2.5.2 On-Site Airfield Alternatives ..................................................... 2-29 2.5.3 Off-Site Alternatives ................................................................ 2-30 2.6 Step Three: Minimize Airfield Operational Impacts................... 2-31 2.6.1 No Action Alternative ............................................................... 2-31 2.6.2 800-Foot Separation Plan A ...................................................... 2-32 2.6.3 800-Foot Separation Plan B ...................................................... 2-32 2.7 MSA Alternatives Screening Process ...................................... 2-32 2.7.1 Initial Range of MSA Alternatives .............................................. 2-35 2.7.2 Step One: Achieves NGB and TAA Purpose and Need Statements ............................................................................ 2-36 2.8 Alternatives Recommended for Detailed Evaluation in the Environmental Impact Statement .......................................... 2-39 2.8.1 No Action Alternative ............................................................... 2-42 2.8.2 800-Foot Separation Plan A (Proposed Action) ............................ 2-42 2.8.3 Parcel “H” Site ........................................................................ 2-42 2.9 Identification of the Preferred Alternative ............................... 2-42 2.10 Listing of Federal Laws and Regulations Considered ................. 2-43 May 2018 Table of Contents Page ii TUCSON INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT DRAFT TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE CHAPTER 3 – AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT 3.1 Airport Setting and Location ................................................... 3-1 3.2 Identification of the Study Areas ............................................. 3-2 3.3 Environmental Resources Not Affected ..................................... 3-5 3.4 Air Quality ............................................................................ 3-5 3.4.1 Regulatory Setting .................................................................... 3-5 3.4.2 Affected Environment ................................................................ 3-6 3.4.3 2016 AEDT Inventory .............................................................. 3-11 3.5 Biological Resources ............................................................ 3-12 3.5.1 Regulatory Setting .................................................................. 3-12 3.5.2 Affected Environment .............................................................. 3-16 3.6 Climate .............................................................................. 3-33 3.6.1 Regulatory Setting .................................................................. 3-33 3.6.2 Affected Environment .............................................................. 3-33 3.7 Department of Transportation Act, Section 4(f) and Section 6(f) of the Land and Water Conservation Fund Act .............. 3-34 3.7.1 Regulatory Setting .................................................................. 3-34 3.7.2 Affected Environment ............................................................... 3.35 3.8 Hazardous Materials, Solid Waste, and Pollution Prevention ...... 3-39 3.8.1 Regulator Setting .................................................................... 3-39 3.8.2 Affected Environment .............................................................. 3-41 3.9 Historic, Architectural, Archaeological, and Cultural Resources .......................................................................... 3-55 3.9.1 Regulatory Setting .................................................................. 3-55 3.9.2 Affected Environment .............................................................. 3-55 3.10 Land Use ............................................................................ 3-66 3.10.1 Regulatory Setting .................................................................. 3-66 3.10.2 Affected Environment .............................................................. 3-66 3.11 Natural Resources and Energy Supply .................................... 3-72 3.11.1 Regulatory Setting .................................................................. 3-72 3.11.2 Affected Environment .............................................................. 3-72 3.12 Noise and Noise-Compatibility Land Use ................................. 3-73 3.12.1 Regulatory Setting .................................................................. 3-73 3.12.2 Affected Environment .............................................................. 3-73 May 2018 Table of Contents Page iii TUCSON INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT DRAFT TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 3.13 Socioeconomics, Environmental Justice, and Children’s Health and Safety Risks ..................................................... 3-102 3.13.1 Socioeconomics .....................................................................3 -102 3.13.2 Environmental Justice .............................................................3 -107 3.13.3 Children’s Environmental Health and Safety Risks ...................... 3-110 3.14 Visual Effects .................................................................... 3-111 3.14.1 Regulatory Setting ................................................................. 3-111 3.14.2 Affected Environment .............................................................3 -111 3.15 Water Resources ............................................................... 3-119 3.15.1 Regulator Setting ...................................................................3 -119 3.15.2 Wetlands and Waters of the U.S. .............................................3 -122 3.15.3 Floodplains ............................................................................3 -122 3.15.4 Surface Waters ......................................................................3 -125 3.15.5 Groundwater .........................................................................3 -126 CHAPTER 4 – ENVIRONMENTAL