Contents CHAPTER 16 ................................................................................................................................. 531 Sanctions, Export Controls, and Certain Other Restrictions .................................................... 531 A. IMPOSITION, IMPLEMENTATION, AND MODIFICATION OF SANCTIONS AND OTHER RESTRICTIONS ........................................................................................................................... 531 1. Iran ................................................................................................................................. 531 a. General ....................................................................................................................... 531 b. UN Security Council resolutions .................................................................................. 533 c. U.S. sanctions and other controls ............................................................................... 546 2. Iraq ................................................................................................................................. 561 a. Designations related to providing support to the IRGC-QF, while exploiting Iraq’s economy ............................................................................................................................ 561 b. E.O. 13350 .................................................................................................................. 561 3. Syria and Syria-Related Executive Orders and the Caesar Act ........................................ 561 4. China .............................................................................................................................. 567 a. Relating to human rights abuses, including in Xinjiang ........................................... 567 b. Relating to Hong Kong ............................................................................................ 569 c. Relating to activities in the South China Sea ........................................................... 571 d. Relating to “securities investments that finance Chinese military companies” ....... 573 5. Venezuela ................................................................................................................... 575 a. General background ................................................................................................... 575 b. E.O. 13692 .................................................................................................................. 575 c. E.O. 13850, as amended by E.O. 13857 ...................................................................... 577 d. E.O. 13884 ................................................................................................................. 578 6. Democratic People’s Republic of Korea .......................................................................... 578 a. General ....................................................................................................................... 578 b. Nonproliferation ......................................................................................................... 579 7. Sudan ............................................................................................................................. 580 8. Russia ............................................................................................................................. 582 9. Nonproliferation............................................................................................................. 585 a. Country-specific sanctions .......................................................................................... 585 b. Iran, North Korea, and Syria Nonproliferation Act (“INKSNA”) ................................... 585 10. Terrorism .................................................................................................................... 586 a. Coordinated multilateral action .................................................................................. 586 b. U.S. targeted financial sanctions ................................................................................ 588 c. Annual certification regarding cooperation in U.S. antiterrorism efforts .................... 593 11. Cyber Activity and Election Interference .................................................................... 593 a. Malicious Cyber-Enabled Activities ............................................................................. 593 b. Election Interference ................................................................................................... 595 12. The Global Magnitsky Sanctions Program and Other Measures Aimed at Corruption and Human Rights Violations and Abuses ............................................................................. 596 a. The Global Magnitsky Sanctions Program .................................................................. 596 b. Designations under Section 7031(c) of the Annual Consolidated Appropriations Act . 605 13. Other Visa Restrictions, Sanctions, and Measures ...................................................... 609 a. Cuba............................................................................................................................ 609 b. South Sudan ................................................................................................................ 611 c. Guyana ....................................................................................................................... 612 d. Yemen ......................................................................................................................... 612 e. Nicaragua ................................................................................................................... 614 f. Mali ............................................................................................................................ 616 g. Nigeria ........................................................................................................................ 616 h. Central African Republic ............................................................................................. 616 i. Democratic Republic of Congo .................................................................................... 619 j. Somalia ....................................................................................................................... 620 k. Zimbabwe ................................................................................................................... 620 l. Libya ........................................................................................................................... 620 m. Belarus .................................................................................................................... 621 B. EXPORT CONTROLS .............................................................................................................. 622 1. Measures responding to the People’s Republic of China ............................................... 622 a. Relating to Hong Kong ............................................................................................ 622 b. Relating to Huawei .................................................................................................. 623 c. Relating to human rights abuses, theft of trade secrets, and activities in the South China Sea ........................................................................................................................... 624 2. Measures relating to Cyprus .......................................................................................... 625 3. Additions to the Entity List ............................................................................................. 626 4. Debarments .................................................................................................................... 626 5. Consent Agreement with Airbus .................................................................................... 626 6. Litigation ........................................................................................................................ 627 a. Stagg v. Department of State ...................................................................................... 627 b. Washington v. Department of State and Defense Distributed ................................... 629 c. Thorne v. Department of State ................................................................................... 629 Cross References ...................................................................................................................... 632 CHAPTER 16 Sanctions, Export Controls, and Certain Other Restrictions This chapter discusses selected developments during 2020 relating to sanctions, export controls, and certain other restrictions relating to travel or U.S. government assistance. It does not cover developments in many of the United States’ longstanding financial sanctions regimes, which are discussed in detail at https://www.treasury.gov/resource- center/sanctions/Pages/default.aspx. It also does not cover comprehensively developments relating to the export control programs administered by the Commerce Department or the defense trade control programs administered by the State Department. Details on the State Department’s defense trade control programs are available at https://pmddtc.state.gov/ddtc_public. A. IMPOSITION, IMPLEMENTATION,