SUPPLEMENTARY ANALYSES GENDER AND INCLUSIVE DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS COUNTRY DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION STRATEGY FY 2020-2024 June 2019 This publication was produced at the request of the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by ME&A and its team consisting of: Margarita Sánchez, Team Leader; Vanessa Pocasangre, Gender Specialist; Geraldina Zaldaña, Social Inclusion Specialist; Marvin Flamenco, Research Assistant; and Karla García, Data Analysis Specialist. GENDER AND INCLUSIVE DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS COUNTRY DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION STRATEGY FY 2020-2024 Supplementary Analyses Submitted: June 10, 2019 Prepared for the United States Agency for International Development under AID-OAA-I-15-00024/TOAID-519-TO-16-00002 USAID/El Salvador Contact: Orlando Hidalgo [email protected] Prepared by: Margarita Sánchez (ME&A), Team Leader Vanessa Pocasangre (ME&A), Gender Specialist Geraldina Zaldaña (ME&A), Social Inclusion Specialist Marvin Flamenco (ME&A), Research Assistant Karla García (ME&A), Data Analysis Specialist Submitted by: USAID Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning Initiative implemented by ME&A Inc, Cover photo: “Exchange of good practices for labor inclusion of people with disabilities,” workshop conducted by Colombian experts and organized by USAID’s Bridges to Employment Activity with the support of USAID’s Regional Trilateral Cooperation Activity. May 2019. Photo courtesy of Bridges to Employment Activity. DISCLAIMER The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. CONTENTS I. WOMEN IN EL SALVADOR ................................................................................................................ 1 1.0 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................ 1 2.0 FINDINGS ........................................................................................................................................ 1 2.1 Domain I: Legal and Normative Framework ....................................................................... 1 2.2 Domain 2: Cultural Norms ...................................................................................................... 3 2.3 Domain 3: Access to Human Rights ...................................................................................... 4 2.4 Domain 4: Participation in Decision-Making ..................................................................... 10 3.0 CONCLUSIONS ......................................................................................................................... 12 4.0 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR USAID .................................................................................... 13 5.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................................................... 13 II. PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IN EL SALVADOR ..................................................................... 15 1.0 BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................................... 15 1.1 Population Profile .................................................................................................................... 16 1.2 Migration Profile ...................................................................................................................... 19 2.0 FINDINGS ..................................................................................................................................... 19 2.1 Domain 1: Legal and Normative Framework ................................................................... 19 2.2 Domain 2: Cultural Norms ................................................................................................... 22 2.3 Domain 3: Access to Their Human Rights ........................................................................ 22 2.4 Domain 4: Participation in Decision-Making ..................................................................... 25 3.0 CONCLUSIONS ......................................................................................................................... 26 4.0 RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................ 27 5.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................................................... 29 III. LGBTI IN EL SALVADOR ................................................................................................................... 30 1.0 BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................................... 30 1.1 Glossary .................................................................................................................................... 30 2.0 FINDINGS ..................................................................................................................................... 32 2.1 Domain 1: Legal and Normative Framework ................................................................... 32 2.2 Domain 2: Cultural Norms Preventing LGBTI Human Rights ...................................... 33 2.3 Domain 3: Access to Equal Rights ....................................................................................... 35 2.4 Domain 4: Participation in Decision-Making ..................................................................... 39 3.0 CONCLUSIONS ......................................................................................................................... 42 4.0 RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................ 43 5.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................................................... 44 IV. INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN EL SALVADOR ................................................................................. 46 1.0 BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................................... 46 2.0 FINDINGS ..................................................................................................................................... 48 2.1 Domain 1: Legal/Policy Framework .................................................................................... 48 2.2 Domain 2: Cultural Norms That Are Discriminatory .................................................... 52 2.3 Domain 3: Access to Assets and Services ......................................................................... 53 2.4 Domain 4: Participation in Decision-Making ..................................................................... 59 2.5 Organizations ........................................................................................................................... 59 3.0 CONCLUSIONS ......................................................................................................................... 61 4.0 RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................ 61 5.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................................................... 61 V. FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT: INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT AND RETURNED MIGRATION DUE TO VIOLENCE ................................................................................................. 63 1.0 INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT AND VIOLENCE ................................................................. 63 1.1 Determining Factors of Internal Displacement ................................................................ 63 1.2 Targeted Violence, an Important Driver of Internal Displacement ............................. 65 1.3 Economic Need ....................................................................................................................... 69 2.0 FROM INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT TO MIGRATION ................................................... 69 2.1 Women ..................................................................................................................................... 70 2.2 LGBTI ........................................................................................................................................ 70 2.3 Youth ......................................................................................................................................... 71 2.4 People with Disabilities .......................................................................................................... 71 2.5 Indigenous Population ............................................................................................................ 71 2.6 Returnees, Violence, and Repeated Emigration ............................................................... 72 3.0 FREEDOM FROM FORCED LABOR – TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS DOCUMENTARY FINDINGS ................................................................................................. 73 VI. USAID STRENGTHS IN PROGRAMMING WITH GENDER EQUALITY AND INCLUSION 75 1.0 FINDINGS IN GENDER MAINSTREAMING IN ADMINISTRATIVE PRACTICES .... 75 1.1 Lessons Learned in Mainstreaming Gender Within Administrative Practices .......... 76 1.2 Lessons Learned for Future Program Implementation ..................................................