Research & Technology 1996 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lewis Research Center Cleveland, Ohio Technical Memorandum 107350 About the cover: Top left: Members of the Lewis-based Isothermal Dendritic Growth Experiment (IDGE) team assemble the flight unit (see p. 145). Bottom left: Setting up a pulsed plasma thruster impacts test in a specialized electric propulsion testbed (see p. 112). Right (background): Space Shuttle Main Engine two-stage fuel turbine pressure contours generated by the SWIFT turbo- machinery analysis code (see p. 25). Research & Technology 1996 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lewis Research Center Cleveland, Ohio 44135 TM–107350 i Trade names or manufacturers' names are used in this report for identification only. This usage does not constitute an official endorsement, either expressed or implied, by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ii Introduction The NASA Lewis Research Center, a unique facility located in an important geographical area, has a long and distin- guished history of performing research and developing technology in support of NASA’s mission and the Nation’s needs. Our mission is to work as a team to develop and transfer critical technologies to aerospace and nonaero- space industries, universities, and government institutions. To fulfill this mission, Lewis is committed to maximizing the return on the taxpayer’s investment, to improving management and business practices, and to striving for diversity and value in the workforce. In 1996, Lewis Research Center continued to increase its commitment to the mission of effective technology transfer. On September 19, we held our first “Lewis Business and Industry Summit.” Through special sessions, tours, and over 140 exhibits, this event showcased our key technolo- gies, capabilities, and facilities to over 500 participants from more than 300 companies. The event was such a success that we plan to make it a permanent part of our strategy to reach you— our customer. The 1996 Research & Technology report helps us to accomplish our mission by communicating our technical accomplishments to others and providing an avenue to expand their application. This report gives a brief, but comprehensive, review of Lewis’ technical accomplishments during the past year. It is a testimony to the dedication and competence of all the employees, civil ser- vants and contractors alike, who make up the staff. The report is organized so that a broad cross section of the community can readily use it. A short introductory paragraph begins each article and will prove to be an invaluable tool for the layper- son. The articles summarize the progress made during the year in various technical areas and portray the technical and administrative support associated with Lewis’ technology programs. We hope this information is useful to all. If additional information is desired, the reader is encour- aged to contact the researchers identified in the articles and to visit Lewis on the World Wide Web (http://www.lerc.nasa.gov). This document is available on the World Wide Web (http:// www.lerc.nasa.gov/WWW/RT/). Donald J. Campbell Director iii NASA Lewis Research Center Senior Management Director Deputy Director Deputy Director Chief for Operations Scientist Donald J. Campbell Martin P. Kress Julian M. Earls Marvin E. Goldstein Office of the Office of Safety, Chief Counsel Environmental, and Mission Assurance J. William Sikora Wilson F. Ford iv Aeropropulsion Plans and Office of Equal Chief Financial Office of Human Office of Acquistion Research Program Office Programs Office Opportunity Programs Officer Resources Paul L. Burstadt Vacant Belinda M. Roberts Robert E. Fails Maury L. Blanton Vacant Aeronautics Research and Space Engineering and External Technology Technical Services Programs Carol J. Russo Larry A. Diehl Gerald J. Barna Joseph A. Yuska John M. Hairston, Jr. CD-48534 February 1997 NASA Lewis Research Center Director Deputy Director Deputy Director for Operations Chief Scientist 0100 Office of Office of Safety, Environmental The Chief Counsel and Mission Assurance 0120 0500 Project Quality Institutional Environmental Security Assurance Management Safety Management Management Office Office Office Office Office 0510 0520 0530 0540 0550 Inspector General Army Office 0160 0300 v Aeropropulsion Research Plans and Programs Office of Chief Financial Officer Office of Office of Program Office Office Equal Opportunity Human Resources Acquisition 0140 0170 0180 0200 0400 0600 Special Hypersonics Resources Financial Procurement Logistics Projects Projects Analysis and Management Division and Technical Office Office Management Division Information Office Division 0141 0142 0210 0220 0610 0620 Office of Aeronautics Directorate Research and Technology University Space Directorate Engineering and Technical External Programs Programs Directorate Services Directorate Directorate 2000 5000 5010 6000 7000 9000 Subsonic High-Speed Materials Power and On-Board Instrumentation Space Launch Vehicle and Plum Brook Aircraft Computer Educational Community Commercial Systems Systems Division Propulsion and Controls Communications Transportation Management Operations Services Program and Media Technology Office Division Office Office Division Relations Office Office Technology Office Projects Office Division Office Office 2200 2300 5100 5400 5500 6100 6500 7030 7040 7100 9200 9300 9400 Propulsion Computing Communications Turbomachinery Structures Microgravity Power Test Manufacturing Facilities and Acoustics Systems and Interdisciplinary Technology and Propulsion ScieScience ce and Propulsion Installations Engineering and Test Division Systems Division Engineering Analysis Systems DivisionDivision Office Division Division Division Division Office Office 2400 2900 5600 5800 5900 6700 6900 7200 7400 7500 Engineering Systems Design Engineering and Analysis Division Division Rev. 10-2-96 7700 7800 CD-44972 Gerald J. Barna Guion B. Bluford Director of Space Support Service Contractor Liaison Joseph A. Yuska Director of Engineering and Technical Services Donald J. Campbell Director Dennis M. Sender Special Assistant to the Quality Council Virginia A. Cantwell President LESA Carol J. Russo Director of Aeronautics Quality Julian M. Earls Deputy Director for Operations vi Council Martin P. Kress Deputy Director Larry A. Diehl Director of Aerospace Technology NO PHOTO AVAILABLE Larry C. Kalb President AFGE Robert E. Fails Chief Financial Officer John M. Hairston, Jr. Marvin E. Goldstein Director of External Programs Chief Scientist The Quality Council was established in October 1992 to adopt and implement a Total Quality (TQ) plan for Lewis. It is composed of Executive Council members as well as the president of the American Federation of Government Employees (AFGE), Local 2812, and the president of the Lewis Engineers and Scientists Association (LESA), IFPTE Local 28. A representative of major onsite support service contractors serves as a liaison. January 1997 Contents Aeronautics Aeropropulsion Analysis Combined Numerical/Analytical Perturbation Solutions of the Navier-Stokes Equations for Aerodynamic (Ejector Nozzle) Flows..................................................................................................... 1 Instrumentation and Control Technology High Gas Temperature Probe..................................................................................................................... 3 Thermal Analysis Demonstrated for a Plug-Type Heat Flux Gauge...................................................... 4 Reliable Breakdown Obtained in Silicon Carbide Rectifiers.................................................................. 6 Ultraviolet Molecular Rayleigh Scattering Used to Measure Velocity in High-Speed Flow............... 8 Chaotic Time Series Analysis Method Developed for Stall Precursor Identification in High-Speed Compressors....................................................................................................................... 9 Controls/CFD Interdisciplinary Research Software Generates Low-Order Linear Models for Control Design From Steady-State CFD Results.................................................................................. 11 Single-Lever Power Control for General Aviation Aircraft Promises Improved Efficiency and Simplified Pilot Controls........................................................................................................................ 12 Internal Fluid Mechanics National Combustion Code: A Multidisciplinary Combustor Design System....................................... 14 Interactive Educational Tool for Turbofan and Afterburning Turbojet Engines.................................. 15 Rotor-Stator Interaction Performance Effects.......................................................................................... 15 Stator Indexing in Multistage Compressors............................................................................................. 16 Bleed Hole Flow Phenomena Studied...................................................................................................... 17 Internal Mixing Studied for GE/ARL Ejector Nozzle................................................................................ 19 Propulsion Systems High-Pressure Combustion Testing Reveals Promise of Low-Emission Combustors for Advanced Subsonic Gas Turbines........................................................................................................ 20 Computational Fluid Dynamics