THE EARLY DODDRIDGE HOME IN 1911. Built by John Doddridge at a date unknown. Probably the first dwelling, erected In Independence township, Washington county, Pa. Notes on the Settlement and Indian Wars Of the Western Parts of Virginia and Pennsylvania from 1763 to 1783, inclusive, together with a Review of the State of Society and Manners of the First Settlers of the Western Country. By JOSEPH DODDRIDGE With a Memoir of the Author by His Daughter NARCISSA DODDRIDGE. Republished with the addition of new and valuable material. By JOHN S. RITENOUR and WM. T. LINDSEY. PITTSBURGH, PA. 1912 Copyright 1911 By JOHN a RITENOUR and WH.I.IAM T UNDSRV TABLE OF CONTENTS Page. Preface 5 Statement to the Reader, by Dr. Doddridge.. 7 Preface to the First Edition, by Dr. Doddridge. 11 Chapter. 1. State of the Wilderness. 19 2. Remains of an EjKtinct People :. 26 3. Origin of the American Indians 39 4. Changes in the System of Weather 51 5. Beasts and Birds -. 57 6. Number and Variety of Serpents 65 7. Indigenous Fruits of the Country 70 8. Account of a Hermit 76 9. Settlement of the Country 80 10. House Furniture and Diet 86 11. Dress of the Indians and First Settlers 91 12. The Fort and Other Defenses 94 13. Caravans and Modes of Trade 96 14. Subsistence by Hunting 98 15. The Wedding and Mode of Living 102 16. The House Warming- 106 17. Labor and its Discouragements ..*-109" 18. The Mechanic Arts :.... 110 19. Diseases and Their Remedies 116 20. Games and Diversions 121 21. The Witchcraft Delusion ...' 125 22. Law, Morality and Religion ,r......... 130 23. Cruelty to Slaves and Servants ~. 135 24. Western Civilization .> 142 25. Indian Mode of Warfare . 158 26. The War of-1763 162 27. Gov. Dunmore's War ; — 171 iii iv Contents. 28. The Death of Cornstalk ...i, 180 29. The Wappatomica Campaign 182 30. Gen. Mcintosh's Campaign . 184 31. The Moravian Campaign •..;•. 188 32. The Indian Summer ;....'........' 204 33. Crawford's Campaign ...... ......... ..... 206 34. Attack on Rice's Fort 217 35. Expected Attack on my Father's Fort.........;.... 221 36. Coshocton Campaign 224 37. Captivity of Mrs. Brown i 226 38. Escape of Lewis Wetsel ... 229 39. The1 Struggle of Adam Poe. (Andrew Poe.) 232 40. The Affair of the Johnsons ........ ,,.. 237 APPENDIX Memoir of the Rev.. Joseph Doddridge, by His Daughter, Narcissa Doddridge ..' 243 The Doddridge Family .".'........ ...... ... 272 Sketch of MaJ°r Samuel McColloch, by Narcissa Doddridge....... 274 Capture of Members of the Doddridge Family by Indians, by Narcissa Doddridge 278 Van Meter's Fort, by Narcissa Doddridge ;.. 282 Story of Capt. Oliver Brown .......: 284 The Teter and Manchester Families, by Wm. T. Lindsey 286 Distinguished Men of West M'ddletpwn, by Wm. T. Lindsey. 290 Logan. Michael Cresap and Simon Girty, by John S. Ritenour.... 293 Indian Population of the United States, by E. Dana Durand, Director of the Census ."...'. 307 The Frontier Forts of Washington County ........ 310 An Elegy on His Family Vault, by Joseph Doddridge............ 313 PREFACE. This is the third printing Of "Doddridge's Notes." The first was in 1824, by,Mr. Doddridge himself, at the office of the Wells­ burg, Va., Gazette. It consisted exclusively of the " Notes." Hon. S. W. Pennypacker, former governor of Pennsylvania, well- known as a lover of old books, says, in a few lines inscribed on the margin of a first copy which he owned, that Dr. Doddridge " folded the paper on which it was printed and tanned the leather with which it was bound." The second edition, edited by Alfred Williams, of Circleville, O., was printed at Albany, N. Y., in 1876, by Joel Munsell. Miss Narcissa Doddridge had designed personally undertaking this enterprise herself, but death prevented. Her family then took it up, and at their request it was completed under the supervision of Mr. Williams. Miss Doddridge's memoir of her father embodies much im­ portant historical information respecting the foundation of the Episcopal church in Western Virginia and Ohio. The liberty has been exercised of somewhat abridging its unessential fullness for this edition, but it has not been thus deprived in any degree of either interest or value. The elisions have been confined to prolixities in the correspondence ofv Dr. Doddridge and his friends. The text of Miss Doddridge is practically untouched. The reminiscences of Rev. Thomas Scott in the second edition are omitted from this edition because all the information they contain has been written into the memoir by Miss Doddridge. In addition to the memoir, the 1876 edition contained an appendix comprising a number of sketches bearing on the pioneer life of this region in the closing years of the eighteenth century. These are all preserved in the present publication, excepting three which are of comparative unimportance. Fresh contributions, v vi Preface. however, are numerous valuable and enlightening footnotes by the late James Simpson, of Cross Greek, Washington county, and others; a list of the frontier forts of Washington county; a com­ pilation reciting the story of the origin of Logan's " Lament," and detailing concisely the later unhappy career and tragic death of that celebrated Indian; a sketch of the short life and early death of Michael Cresap, and the final enforced withdrawal of Simon Girty, the renegade, from American soil, to die in his old age in poverty, intemperance and obscurity, on the Canadian farm near Detroit with which he had been rewarded by British gratitude for his countless bloody crimes against the white settlers of the western frontier; an account of the noted frontiersman, Capt. Samuel Teter, and his descendants, together with a brief de­ scription of the notable brick mansion raised on the site of Fort Teter by Isaac Manchester a hundred years ago on the skirts of civilization, and still preserved near West Middletown in as good condition as when built. There is also a pertinent statistical table from E. Dana Dur- and, Director of the Census, showing the estimated Indian popu­ lation of the United States at various periods from 1789 to 1910, inclusive, and how this population is now distributed among the several states. , The elegy by Dr. Doddridge in the appendix is preserved merely as an example of early western frontier poetry. The footnotes in this 1912 edition are all original with it excepting the eleven which Dr. Doddridge himself prepared to accompany the first printing. These eleven are indicated with a bracketed capital D (D). The second edition contained no other footnotes. J. S. R. W. T. L. EARLY SETTLEMENT AND INDIAN WARS. To THE READER. After considerable delay I have fulfilled my engagement to the public with respect to the history of the settlement and wars of the western parts of Virginia and Pennsylvania. The causes of the delay of the work were unavoidable, and a recital of them can be of no service. Whether the Notes are well executed, or otherwise, must be left to the candid decision of my country, and I am well aware the decision will speedily be made. It will be the opinion of some readers that I have bestowed too great a portion of, the book oh the primitive aspect of the country, and the history of the state of society and manners of its early inhabitants. My reason for having bestowed so much attention on these subjects is this: these matters of our early history, which, if faithfully preserved, will hereafter be highly interesting, are fast hastening into oblivion, and in a few more years would be totally lost. On the contrary, the events of the war are much longer remembered. Had we a similar history of the early state of any of the European countries) to that which is here presented to the world, of our own, with how much interest would this record be read by all classes of people. For instance, had we the memorials of the people who erected those rude monuments which are scat­ tered over our country, the record would give a classic character to every section of the new world; but in every region of the world, except our own, the commencement of the period of their history was long posterior to that of their settlement; their early history is therefore buried in impenetrable oblivion, and its place is occupied by immense regions of fable and conjecture. To the two first parts of this history, it is presumed, no great additions will hereafter be necessary. Future generations will be competent to mark any changes which may take place in the physical condition, and in the scientific and moral state of 7 8 Early Settlement and Indian Wars. our country, from the data here given, and unquestionably the changes which are to take place in all those departments, in the progress of time, will be great indeed. The history of our Indian wars is^ in every respect, quite imperfect. The very limited range Of the war, which I had in view, in this work, is not fully executed. The want of health, and in some instances the want of proper information, have prevented the relation of several events which took place in this section of the country in the course of our conflicts with the sons of the forest, and which, although of minor importance in their final results, would nevertheless form an interesting portion of the history of those conflicts. The various attacks on Wheeling fort, and the fatal am­ buscade near Grave'creek, have been omitted for want of a correct account of those occurrences. These omissions are the less to be regretted as Noah Zane, Esq., has professed a deter­ mination to give the public the biography pf his father, Col.