SCC File No. 38734 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF CANADA (ON APPEAL FROM THE COURT OF APPEAL FOR BRITISH COLUMBIA) BETWEEN: HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN Appellant (Appellant) -and- RICHARD LEE DESAUTEL Respondent (Respondent) -and- ATTORNEY GENERAL OF CANADA, ATTORNEY GENERAL OF ONTARIO, ATTORNEY GENERAL OF QUEBEC, ATTORNEY GENERAL OF NEW BRUNSWICK, ATTORNEY GENERAL FOR SASKATCHEWAN, ATTORNEY GENERAL OF ALBERTA, ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE YUKON TERRITORY, PESKOTOMUHKATI NATION, INDIGENOUS BAR ASSOCIATION IN CANADA, WHITECAP DAKOTA FIRST NATION, GRAND COUNCIL OF THE CREES (EEYOU ISTCHEE)/CREE NATION GOVERNMENT, OKANAGAN NATION ALLIANCE, MOHAWK COUNCIL OF KAHNAWÀ:KE, ASSEMBLY OF FIRST NATIONS, MÉTIS NATIONAL COUNCIL AND MANITOBA MÉTIS FEDERATION INC., NUCHATLAHT FIRST NATION, CONGRESS OF ABORIGINAL PEOPLES and LUMMI NATION Interveners (Interveners) FACTUM OF THE INTERVENER, ATTORNEY GENERAL OF SASKATCHEWAN (Pursuant to Rule 42 of the Rules of the Supreme Court of Canada, SOR/2002-156) Attorney General for Saskatchewan Gowling WLG (Canada) LLP Constitutional Law Branch, 8th Floor 160 Elgin Street, Suite 2600 820, 1874 Scarth Street Ottawa, ON K1P 1C3 Regina, SK S4P 4B3 Richard James Fyfe D. Lynne Watt Telephone: 306-787-7886 Telephone: 613-786-8695 Fax: 306-787-9111 Fax: 613-788-3509 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener, Ottawa Agent for Counsel for the Intervener, Attorney General for Saskatchewan Attorney General for Saskatchewan ORIGINAL TO: THE REGISTRAR Supreme Court of Canada 301 Wellington Street Ottawa, ON K1A 0J1 COPY TO: Attorney General of British Columbia Borden Ladner Gervais LLP Legal Services Branch 1300-100 Queen Street 1405 Douglas Street, 3rd Floor Ottawa, ON K1P 1J9 Victoria, BC V8W 2G2 Glen R. Thompson Karen Perron Telephone: 250-387-0417 Telephone: 613-369-4795 Fax: 250-387-0343 Fax: 613-230-8842 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Appellant, Ottawa Agent for Counsel for the Appellant, Attorney General of British Columbia Attorney General of British Columbia Arvay Finlay LLP Gowling WLG (Canada) LLP 1512-808 Nelson Street 160 Elgin Street, Suite 2600 Box 12149, Nelson Square Ottawa, ON K1P 1C3 Vancouver, BC V6Z 2H2 Mark G. Underhill and Kate R. Phipps Jeffrey W. Beedell Telephone: 604-696-9828 Telephone: 613-786-0171 Fax: 888-575-3281 Fax: 613-788-3587 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] [email protected] Counsel for the Respondent, Ottawa Agent for Counsel for the Respondent, Richard Lee Desautel Richard Lee Desautel Department of Justice Canada Department of Justice Canada Aboriginal Law Section 50 O’Conner Street, Suite 500 900 – 840 Howe Street Ottawa, ON K1A 0H8 Vancouver, BC V6Z 2S9 Brett Marleau Christopher Rupar Telephone: 604-666-8524 Telephone: 613-670-6290 Fax: 604-666-2710 Fax: 613-954-1920 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener, Attorney General of Ottawa Agent for Counsel for the Intervener, Canada Attorney General of Canada Attorney General of Ontario Borden Ladner Gervais LLP 720 Bay Street, 8th Floor 1300-100 Queen Street Toronto, ON M7A 2S9 Ottawa, ON K1P 1J9 Manizeh Fancy and Kisha Chatterjee Karen Perron Telephone: 416-578-3637 Telephone: 613-369-4795 Fax: 416-326-4181 Fax: 613-230-8842 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener, Ottawa Agent for Counsel for the Intervener, Attorney General of Ontario Attorney General of Ontario Ministère de la Justice Noël & Associés 1200, route de l’Église, 4e étage 111, rue Champlain Québec, QC G1V 4M1 Gatineau, QB J8X 3R1 Rosemarie Fortier and Tania Clercq Pierre Landry Telephone: 418-643-1744 Telephone: 819-503-2178 Fax: 418-644-7030 Fax: 819-771-5397 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener, Quebec Agent for Counsel for the Intervener, Attorney of General of Quebec Attorney General of Quebec Attorney General of New Brunswick Gowling WLG (Canada) LLP P.O. Box 6000, Stn. A 160 Elgin Street, Suite 2600 675 King Street, Suite 2018 Ottawa, ON K1P 1C3 Fredericton, NB E3B 5H1 Rachelle Standing D. Lynne Watt Rose Campbell Telephone: 613-786-8695 Telephone: 506-453-2222 Fax: 613-788-3509 Fax: 506-453-3275 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener, Ottawa Agent for Counsel for the Intervener, Attorney General of New Brunswick Attorney General of New Brunswick Attorney General of Alberta Gowling WLG (Canada) LLP 10th Floor, 102A Tower 160 Elgin Street, Suite 2600 10025-102A Avenue Ottawa, ON K1P 1C3 Edmonton, Alberta T5J 2Z2 Angela Edgington D. Lynne Watt Brooklyn Leclair Telephone: 613-786-8695 Telephone: 780-427-1482 Fax: 613-788-3509 Fax: 780-643-0852 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener, Ottawa Agent for Counsel for the Intervener, Attorney General of Alberta Attorney General of Alberta Attorney General Of The Yukon Territory Supreme Advocacy LLP Legal Services Branch, 100-340 Gilmour Street Government of Yukon Ottawa, ON K2P 0R3 2130-2nd Avenue Whitehorse, YT Y1A 5H6 Elaine Cairns Marie-France Major Telephone: 867-456-5586 Telephone: 613-695-8855 ext. 102 Fax: 867-393-6928 Fax: 613-695-8580 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener, Ottawa Agent for Counsel for the Intervener, Attorney General of the Yukon Territory Attorney General of the Yukon Territory Peskotomuhkati Nation Westaway Law Group P.O. Box 91 55 Murray Street, Suite 230 Grand River Territory Ottawa, ON K1M 5M3 Ohsweken, ON N0A 1M0 Paul Williams Geneviève Boulay Telephone: 905-506-1755 Telephone: 613-702-3042 Email: [email protected] Fax: 613-722-9097 Email: [email protected] Huberman Law Group 1620 – 1075 West Georgia Street Vancouver BC V6C 3E9 Telephone: 606-685-1229 Fax: 604-685-0244 Email: Karenna @hubermanlaw.com Paul Williams and Karenna Williams Counsel for the Intervener, Ottawa Agent for Counsel for the Intervener, Peskotomuhkati Nation Peskotomuhkati Nation Indigenous Bar Association in Canada Goldblatt Partners LLP First Peoples Law 500-30 Metcalfe Street 55 East Cordova Street, Suite 502 Ottawa, ON K1P 5L4 Vancouver, BC V6A 0A5 Bruce McIvor and Kate Gunn Colleen Bauman Telephone: 604-685-4240 Telephone: 613-235-5327 Fax: 604-283-9349 Fax: 613-235-3041 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener, Ottawa Agent for Counsel for the Intervener, Indigenous Bar Association in Canada Indigenous Bar Association in Canada Whitecap Dakota First Nation Gowling WLG (Canada) LLP Gowling WLG (Canada) LLP 160 Elgin Street, Suite 2600 550 Burrard Street, Suite 2300 Ottawa, ON K1P 1C3 Vancouver, BC V6C 2B5 Maxime Faille and Keith Brown Guy Régimbald Telephone: 604-891-2733 / 604-443-7652 Telephone: 613-786-0171 Fax: 604-443-6784 Fax: 613-788-3587 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener, Ottawa Agent for Counsel for the Intervener, Whitecap Dakota First Nation Whitecap Dakota First Nation Grand Council of the Crees (Eeyou Istchee) Goldblatt Partners LLP and Cree Nation Government 500-30 Metcalfe Street Goldblatt Partners LLP Ottawa, ON K1P 5L4 20 Dundas Street West, Suite 1039 Toronto, ON M5G 2G2 Darryl Korell -and- Telephone: 613-482-2467 Fax: 613-235-3041 O’Reilly & Associés Email: [email protected] 1155 boul. Robert-Bourassa, Bureau 1007 Montréal, QC H3B 3A7 Jessica Orkin, Kim Stanton and James O’Reilly Telephone: 416-979-4381 / 514-871-8117 Fax: 416-591-7333 / 514-871-9177 Email: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener, Ottawa Agent for Counsel for the Intervener, Grand Council of the Crees (Eeyou Istchee) and Grand Council of the Crees (Eeyou Istchee) and Cree Nation Government Cree Nation Government Okanagan Nation Alliance Goldblatt Partners LLP Mandell Pinder LLP 500-30 Metcalfe St. Suite 422 – 1080 Mainland Street Ottawa, ON K1P 5L4 Vancouver, BC V6B 2T4 Rosanne Kyle and Crystal Reeves Colleen Bauman Telephone: 604-681-4146 Telephone: 613-235-5317 Fax: 604-681-0959 Fax: 613-235-3041 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener, Ottawa Agent for Counsel for the Intervener, Okanagan Nation Alliance Okanagan Nation Alliance Mohawk Council of Kahnawà:ke Power Law P.O. Box 720 130 Albert Street, Suite 1103 Mohawk Territory of Kahnawá:ke Ottawa, ON K1P 5G4 Francis Walsh and Stacey Douglas Maxine Vincelette Telephone: 450-632-7500 Telephone: 613-702-5573 Fax: 450-638-3663 Fax: 613-702-5560 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener, Ottawa Agent for Counsel for the Intervener, Mohawk Council of Kahnawà:ke Mohawk Council of Kahnawà:ke Assembly of First Nations Supreme Law Group 55 Metcalfe Street, Suite 1600 900-275 Slater Street Ottawa, ON K1P 6L5 Ottawa, ON K1P 5H9 Stuart Wuttke and Julie McGregor Moira Dillon Telephone: 613-241-6789 Telephone: 613-691-1224 Fax: 613-241-5808 Fax: 613-691-1338 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener, Ottawa Agent for Counsel for the Intervener, Assembly of First Nations Assembly of First Nations Métis National Council and Manitoba Métis Juristes Power Federation Inc. 130 Albert Street, #1103 Hodgson-Smith Law Ottawa, ON K1P 5G4 311-21st Street East Saskatoon, SK S7C 0C1 Kathy L. Hodgson-Smith, Caroline Magnan Darius Bossé and Audrey Mayrand Telephone: 613-702-5566 Telephone: 306-955-0588 Fax: 613-702-5560 Fax: 306-995-0590 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener, Ottawa Agent for Counsel for the Intervener, Métis National Council and Manitoba Métis Métis National Council and Manitoba Métis Federation Inc.