African Journal of Agricultural Research Volume 11 Number 12 24 March 2016 ISSN 1991-637X ABOUT AJAR The African Journal of Agricultural Research (AJAR) is published weekly (one volume per year) by Academic Journals. African Journal of Agricultural Research (AJAR) is an open access journal that publishes high- quality solicited and unsolicited articles, in English, in all areas of agriculture including arid soil research and rehabilitation, agricultural genomics, stored products research, tree fruit production, pesticide science, postharvest biology and technology, seed science research, irrigation, agricultural engineering, water resources management, marine sciences, agronomy, animal science, physiology and morphology, aquaculture, crop science, dairy science, entomology, fish and fisheries, forestry, freshwater science, horticulture, poultry science, soil science, systematic biology, veterinary, virology, viticulture, weed biology, agricultural economics and agribusiness. All articles published in AJAR are peer- reviewed. Contact Us Editorial Office: [email protected] Help Desk: [email protected] Website: http://www.academicjournals.org/journal/AJAR Submit manuscript online http://ms.academicjournals.me/ Dr. Bampidis Vasileios Editors National Agricultural Research Foundation . (NAGREF), Animal Research Institute 58100 Prof. N.A. Amusa Giannitsa, Editor, African Journal of Agricultural Research Greece. Academic Journals. Dr. Zhang Yuanzhi Dr. Panagiota Florou-Paneri Laboratory of Space Technology, Laboratory of Nutrition, University of Technology (HUT) Kilonkallio Espoo, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Finland. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. Dr. Mboya E. Burudi International Livestock Research Institute Prof. Dr. Abdul Majeed (ILRI) P.O. Box 30709 Nairobi 00100, Department of Botany, University of Kenya. Gujrat,India, Director Horticulture, and Dr. Andres Cibils landscaping. Assistant Professor of Rangeland Science India. Dept. of Animal and Range Sciences Box 30003, MSC 3-I New Mexico State University Prof. Suleyman TABAN Las Department of Soil Science and Plant Cruces, Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, NM 88003 (USA). Ankara University, 06100 Ankara-TURKEY. Dr. MAJID Sattari Rice Research Institute of Prof.Hyo Choi Iran, Amol-Iran. Graduate School Gangneung-Wonju National University Dr. Agricola Odoi Gangneung, University of Tennessee, Gangwondo 210- TN., USA. 702, Korea. Prof. Horst Kaiser Dr. MATIYAR RAHAMAN KHAN Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science AICRP (Nematode), Directorate of Rhodes University, PO Box Research, Bidhan Chandra Krishi 94, South Africa. Viswavidyalaya, P.O. Kalyani, Nadia, PIN- 741235, West Bengal. Prof. Xingkai Xu India. Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Prof. Hamid AIT-AMAR Sciences, Beijing 100029, University of Science and Technology, China. Houari Bouemdiene, B.P. 32, 16111 EL-Alia, Algiers, Algeria. Dr. Agele, Samuel Ohikhena Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Prof. Sheikh Raisuddin Management, Federal University of Department of Medical Elementology and Technology Toxicology,Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) PMB 704, New Akure, Delhi, Nigeria. India. Dr. E.M. Aregheore Prof. Ahmad Arzani The University of the South Pacific, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding School of Agriculture and Food Technology College of Agriculture Alafua Campus, Isfahan University of Technology Apia, SAMOA Isfahan-84156, Iran. Dr. Mohamed A. Dawoud Editorial Board Water Resources Department, Terrestrial Environment Research Centre, Environmental Research and Wildlife Development Agency Bradley G Fritz (ERWDA), Dr. Research Scientist, P. O. Box 45553, Environmental Technology Division, Abu Dhabi, Battelle, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, United Arab Emirates. 902 Battelle Blvd., Richland, Washington, Dr. Phillip Retief Celliers USA. Dept. Agriculture and Game Management, PO BOX 77000, NMMU, Dr. Almut Gerhardt LimCo PE, 6031, International, University of South Africa. Tuebingen, Germany. Dr. Rodolfo Ungerfeld Dr. Celin Acharya Departamento de Fisiología, Dr. K.S.Krishnan Research Associate (KSKRA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Molecular Biology Division, Lasplaces 1550, Montevideo 11600, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Uruguay. Trombay, Mumbai-85, India. Dr. Timothy Smith Stable Cottage, Cuttle Lane, Dr. Daizy R. Batish Department Biddestone, Chippenham, of Botany, Panjab University, Wiltshire, SN14 7DF. Chandigarh, UK. India. Dr. E. Nicholas Odongo, Dr. Seyed Mohammad Ali Razavi 27 Cole Road, Guelph, University of Ferdowsi, Ontario. N1G 4S3 Department of Food Science and Technology, Canada. Mashhad, Iran. Dr. D. K. Singh Scientist Irrigation and Drainage Engineering Division, Dr. Yasemin Kavdir Central Institute of Agricultural Engineeinrg Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Bhopal- 462038, M.P. Department of Soil Sciences, Terzioglu India. Campus 17100 Canakkale Prof. Hezhong Dong Turkey. Professor of Agronomy, Cotton Research Center, Prof. Giovanni Dinelli Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agroenvironmental Science and Jinan 250100 Technology China. Viale Fanin 44 40100, Bologna Italy. Dr. Ousmane Youm Assistant Director of Research & Leader, Prof. Huanmin Zhou Integrated Rice Productions Systems Program College of Biotechnology at Inner Mongolia Africa Rice Center (WARDA) 01BP 2031, Agricultural University, Cotonou, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306# Benin. Zhao Wu Da Street, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China, China. African Journal of Agricultural Research Table of Contents: Volume 11 Number 12, 24 March, 2016 ARTICLES Fagopyrum esculentum Moench: A crop with many purposes in agriculture and human nutrition 983 Flávio Marcel Ferreira Gonçalves, Rafael Rostirolla Debiage, Regildo Márcio Gonçalves da Silva, Petrônio Pinheiro Porto, Eidi Yoshihara and Erika Cosendey Toledo de Mello Peixoto Evolution of methodology for the study of adaptability and stability in cultivated species 990 Leonardo Castelo Branco Carvalho, Kaesel Jackson Damasceno- Silva, Maurisrael de Moura Rocha and Giancarlo Conde Xavier Oliveira Effects of low nitrogen on chlorophyll content and dry matter accumulation in maize 1001 S. Sen, M. E. Smith and T. Setter Ecological effects on the flowering phenology of Cenchrus ciliaris L. collections from the arid and semiarid lands of Kenya 1008 Everlyne C. Kirwa, Kiarie Njoroge, George N. Chemining’wa and W. Ngowavu Mnene Gas exchange and carbon metabolism in young plants of muruci (Byrsonima crassifolia L.) submitted to water deficit 1019 Glauco André dos Santos Nogueira, Tamires Borges de Oliveira, Kerolém Prícila Sousa Cardoso, Vitor Resende do Nascimento, Bruno Moitinho Maltarolo, Ana Ecídia de Araújo Brito, Thays Correa Costa`, Silviane Freitas Castilho, Ismael de Jesus Matos Viégas, Luma Castro de Souza and Candido Ferreira de Oliveira Neto Carbon dioxide enrichment studies: Current knowledge and trends in plant responses 1027 Taoufik Saleh Ksiksi Availability and uptake of P from organic and in organic sources of P in teak (Tectona grandis) using radio tracer technique 1033 Smitha J. K., Sujatha M. P. and Sureshkumar P. and Selma Simões de Castro African Journal of Agricultural Research Table of Contents: Volume 11 Number 12, 24 March, 2016 ARTICLES Viability of maize pollen grains in vitro collected at different times of the day 1040 Kaian Albino Corazza Kaefer, Ricardo Chiapetti, Luciana Fogaça, Alexandre Luis Muller, Guilherme Borghetti Calixto and Elisiane Inês Dall’ólglio Chaves Effect of seasons on chemical composition and fungitoxicity of Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Staf essential oil 1048 Virlene do Amaral Jardinetti, Kátia R. Freitas Schwan-Estrada, Aline José Maia, Willian Ferreira da Costa and Raphaeli Nascimento de Freitas Striga hermonthica reduction using Fusarium oxysporum in Kenya 1056 Daniel Kangethe, Collins Wanyama, Samuel Ajanga and Henry Wainwright Optimization of culture media for Desmodium incanum micropropagation 1062 Raíssa Schwalbert, Joseila Maldaner, Raí Augusto Schwalbert, Lincon Oliveira Stefanello da Silva, Gerusa Pauli Kist Steffen and Ricardo Bemfica Steffen Efficiency of optimal pheromone trap density in management of red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier 1071 P. S. P. V. Vidyasagar, S. A. Aldosari, E. M. Sultan, A. Al Saihati and R. Mumtaz Khan Profitability of yellow passion fruit as a function of irrigation depths under semiarid conditions 1079 José Madson da Silva, Alberto Soares de Melo, Alexson Filgueiras Dutra, Janivan Fernandes Suassuna, Wellison Filgueiras Dutra, Carlos Henrique Salvino Gadelha Meneses and Pedro Roberto Almeida Viégas African Journal of Agricultural Research Table of Contents: Volume 11 Number 12, 24 March, 2016 ARTICLES Production of yellow passion fruit seedlings on substrates with different organic compounds 1086 Adailza Guilherme Cavalcante, Raunira da Costa Araújo, Alian Cássio Pereira Cavalcante, Alex da Silva Barbosa, Manoel Alexandre Diniz Neto, Bruno Ferreira Matos, Daivyd Silva de Oliveira and José Flávio Cardoso Zuza Comparative study on cross-compatibility between Camellia sinensis var. sinensis (China type) and C. sinensis var. assamica (Assam type) tea 1092 H. M. Prathibhani Chamidha Kumarihami, Eun Ui Oh, Atsushi Nesumi and Kwan Jeong Song Physiological quality of habanero pepper (Capisicum chinense) seeds based on development and drying process 1102 Heloisa Oliveira dos Santos, Sophia Mangussi Franchi Dutra, Rucyan Walace Pereira, Raquel Maria De Oliveira Pires, Édila Vilela De Resende Von Pinho,