;LT> = 00 [ E h bo iCO CD i [ ! OO Memorials of Old Hampshire J131>^ MEMORIALS OF OLD HAMPSHIRE EDITED BY G. E. JEANS, MA, F.SA Vicar of Shorwell and Rector of Mottiston, Isle of Wight Fellow of Hertford College, Oxford Author and Editor of " Murray's Handbooks for Lincolnshire, Hampshire " and the Isle of Wight With many Illustrations X " 7 LONDON Bemrose and Sons Limited, 4 Snow Hill, E.C. AND DERBY 1906 [All Rights Reserved} TO THE MOST NOBLE The Duke of Wellington, k.g. THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED BY HIS GRACE'S KIND PERMISSION PREFACE may claim in a certain sense to be HAMPSHIREthe premier county of England, since though not quite so ancient a kingdom as Kent or Sussex, it " is, as Grant Allen calls it, the real original nucleus of the British Empire." It is also one of the most interesting of the counties, from the importance in early English history of its charming capital, the architectural value of its Cathedral and three of its other churches, its beautiful combinations of woodland and sea, its possession of more genuine forest than all the rest of England put together, and its chief place in the naval position of England, owing to the two great harbours afforded by its fortunate coast-line. To an editor of Memorials of Old Hampshire the first difficulty, therefore, is clearly of selection. It would not be difficult to imagine another volume of the present size made up only of those subjects that—for one reason or another—I have been obliged to pass over. In order, therefore, to obtain more room for the less familiar antiquities of the county, I decided first to exclude the Isle of Wight, because that is a distinct entity, and have a volume of its own and, may possibly hereafter ; vii viii PREFACE secondly, after much consideration, to omit separate treatment of Winchester, that having been done in Dean Kitchin's charming volume on the city (in the Historic Towns Series'), and of detailed architectural history of the Cathedral Church, that being already accessible in numerous forms. That these have neither been ignored nor slighted will at once be obvious on reference to the Index, but the famous city is treated mainly as the head and representative of its county, and the Cathedral Church mainly as having influenced the architecture of the parish churches. Again, a very obvious danger for the editor of a volume of this kind is that of allowing the information " " to become snippety and disconnected, and thereby to lose half its value. In order to guard against this, I selected the list of subjects finally, so that they might present the history of the county as a whole with no very important breaks, but specially emphasise only the most characteristic features. Thus in my introductory sketch I have endeavoured to show the part played by Winchester throughout, and the place that would be taken by the subsequent papers on Silchester, the Jutish Settle- ment, the New Forest, Southampton, and Portsmouth. My paper on Hampshire Churches as a whole is followed by papers of more detail on the existing monastic churches of Christchurch and Romsey and the ruined Abbeys of Beaulieu and Netley, besides a special and exhaustive examination of the wall-paintings in the churches. Then comes a group of the semi-religious PREFACE ix buildings : the palace of Wolvesey, the Hospital of St. Cross, Wykeham's famous College, and the traces left by the Knights of St. John at North Baddesley. These are naturally followed by the noblest of Hampshire houses—one of the most glorious in England—Bramshill, and this again by the places connected with the Civil War—Basing, Place House, and Hurst Castle. The story of Old Hampshire may, I hope, be thought to wind up fitly with the story of the unique Hambledon Cricket Club. I had intended to include a separate paper on the Earthworks and Camps in the County (see p. 3), and asked the late Mr. T. W. Shore, whose knowledge of the subject was unequalled, to contribute it. He, with his usual kindness, would probably have consented, but he died before he could answer my letter. His son, Dr. Lewis Shore, most kindly sent me a very complete catalogue of them found among his father's papers, but it could not be used in a book of this kind without complete re-writing. It is to be published, I believe, in the Papers of the Hampshire Field Club. There has been far more labour expended upon these papers than those who are unused to such work would " " imagine. The one on wall-paintings must be of per- manent value as an exhaustive record at the present date. The long papers on the New Forest and Southampton— not to make an invidious selection—have involved a good deal of original research. The subject of Silchester might have been thought exhausted by the excavators, but x PREFACE Mr. Heald's researches at the British Museum have unearthed a few more points, notably about the history of Commius. I must express my obligations to all of the very able company of writers who have been kind enough to join me in this work, and particularly to Mr. Ditchfield, the General Editor of the series. I must take the oppor- tunity, too, of thanking Mrs. Rawnsley for her charming sketch of the New Forest—it was mislaid at the time of publication of her own volume on the Forest, or we should not have had it to Mr. for the ; Keyser, photographs of which were taken for his Bramley, expressly paper ; and to Mr. Nisbett for the use of his splendid collection of photographs from Hampshire churches, and for many valuable notes upon them. I cannot imagine anybody connected with Hampshire who would not find this book full of interest from cover to cover. G. E. Jeans. Shorwell Vicarage, I.W., February, 1906. CONTENTS Page General Sketch of the History of Hampshire and Winchester . By the Editor Silchester By the Rev. J. M. Heald M.A. 17 The Jutish Settlement of the By the Rev. L. KNIGHTS Meon . Valley Smith, M.A. 39 Southampton By Professor Hearn shaw 47 The New Forest . By WlLLI.VGHAM F Rawnsley, M.A. 67 Old Portsmouth . By the Rev. G. N. Godwin B.D. 100 The Churches of Hampshire By the EDITOR 118 Wall Paintings in Hampshire By Charles E. Keyser Churches . M.A., F.S.A. 134 Romsey Abbey . By the Rev. J. COOKE Yarborough, M.A. 156 Christchurch Twynham By George Brownen 168 Beaulieu Abbey . By Mrs. Willingham Rawnsley 183 Netley Abbey By the Rev. W. A. C Chevalier, M.A. 187 The Knights Hospitallers at By the Rev. P. GAISFORD North Baddesley Bourne, D.D. 199 Wolvesey Castle .... By N. C. H. Nisbett A.R.I. B.A. 204 XI Xll CONTENTS Page The Hospital of St. Cross, Win- By N. C. H. Nisbett Chester A.R.I. B.A. 2I S The College of St. Mary, Win- By the Rev. W. P. Smith Chester M.A. 223 Bramshill By the Rev. P. H. Ditch field, M.A., F.S.A. 237 Basing House By the Rev. G. N. Godwin B.D. 250 Charles I. at Place House and By the Rev. G. N. Godwin Hurst Castle B.D. 263 The Hambledon Cricket Club By Horace Hutchinson 274 Index 283 List of Subscribers 287 INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS Beeches in the New Forest Frontispiece (From a Water-colour Sketch by Mrs. Willingham Rawnsley) Facing Page Winchester from St. Giles' Hill (From a Photograph by H.W. Salmon) IO The West Gate, Winchester (From a Photograph by H. w. Salmon) 14 The Meon Valley (From a Photograph by the Rrs. L. Knights Smith) 42 Southampton, The Arcades 56 (From a Photograph by Max-Mills, Southampton) A Glade in the New Forest 68 (From a Photograph by F. G. Short, Lyndhurst) the Rev. G. 120 Corhampton Church . (From a Photograph by Sampson) Norman Tower, Christchurch Priory 122 (From a Photograph by T. A. Tapscll, Christchurch) The Font, Winchester Cathedral (From a Photograph by H. W.Salmon) 124 Reredos Screen, Winchester Cathedral 128 (From a Photograph by H. W. Salmon) Bramley : Martyrdom of St. Thomas of Canterbury . .144 (From a Photograph by Walton Adams, Reading) „ St. Christopher 148 (From a Photograph by Walton Adams, Reading) Catherington : St. Michael weighing Souls . -15° (From a Photograph by N. C. H. Nisbett, A.R.I.B.A.) I Romsey Abbey . (From a Photograph by Dodridge & Gibbs, Romsey) 56 xiii xiv INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS Facing Page Christchurch, The Church and Castle 170 (From a Photograph by T. A. Tapsell, Christchurch) Pulpit at Beaulieu Abbey (From a Photograph by F.G. Short, Lyndhurst) 1 84 Frith cr» 1 88 Netley Abbey . (From a Photograph by F. Co., Ltd., Reigate) The Knight Hospitaller's Tomb and Old Chained Bible at North Baddesley Church 200 (From a Photograph by the Rev. Dr. Bourne) Plan of Wolvesey Castle 204 (From a Drawing by N. C. H. Nisbett, A.R.I.B.A.) Wolvesey Castle . (From a Photograph by H.W. Salmon) 212 St. CrOSS, The Quadrangle (From a Photograph by H.W. Salmon) 2l6 The Chamber Court, Winchester College ...... 228 (From a Photograph by H. W. Salmon) Bramshill, Faqade (From a Photograph by F. Mason Good, Winchfield) 1<\\ Place House (From a Photograph by E. J. Nesbit, Earlsfield Road, S. W. ) 2 64 Hurst Castle . (From a Photograph by F. G. 0. Stuart, Southampton) 268 GENERAL SKETCH OF THE HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE AND WINCHESTER By the Editor t§9 Natural Features IHE history of every English county largely depends upon, and might even to some extent have been foretold from, a careful study of its natural features.