Race relations survey: 1986, Part 1 http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.SFF.DOCUMENT.BOO19870000.042.000 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org Race relations survey: 1986, Part 1 Author/Creator Cooper, Carole; Shindler, Jennifer; McCaul, Colleen; Brouard, Pierre; Mareka, Cosmas Publisher South African Institute of Race Relations, Johannesburg Date 1987 Resource type Reports Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) South Africa, South Africa, South Africa, South Africa, South Africa Coverage (temporal) 1986 Source EG Malherbe Library, ISBN 0969823167, EG Malherbe Library, ISSN 02587246 Description A survey of race relations in South Africa in 1986 (Part 1) and includes chapters on: Population and race classification; Business; The economy; Government and Constitution; Political organisations; Transport; Social segregation; Labour relations; Sport; Religious organisations; Urbanisation; Housing; 1986 Legislation. Format extent 422 pages (length/size) http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.SFF.DOCUMENT.BOO19870000.042.000 http://www.aluka.org RACE RACE RELATIONS SURVEY 1986 Part 1 _-P-I -e-m-~ - - - - -~ - - - - - - - ~ - - - - ~ - - - RACE RELATIONS SURVEY 1986 Part 1 CAROLE COOPER JENNIFER SHINDLER COLLEEN McCAUL PIERRE BROUARD COSMAS MAREKA JON-MARC SEIMON MICHAEL MARKOVITZ HARRY MASHABELA CLAIRE PICKARD-CAMBRIDGE Research staff South African Institute of Race Relations SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF RACE RELATIONS JOHANNESBURG 1987 Published by the South African Institute of Race Relations Auden House, 68 De Korte Street, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2001 South Africa Copyright © South African Institute of Race Relations, 1987 PD 13/87 ISBN 0 96982 316 7 ISSN 0258 7246 Printed by Blackshaws (Pty) Ltd 21 Kinghall Avenue, Epping 2, Cape Town NOTE: The 1986 edition of the Race Relations Survey will appear in two parts. Part 2 will contain the following chapters: Education, Political Developments, The Homelands, Security, Employment, Removals, and Health and Welfare. Unless otherwise stated, all dates in the text refer to 1986. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The writers of the 1986 Survey are indebted to all those who have assisted them in the production of this edition, in particular the following who contributed chapters or sections of chapters: Dr Muriel Horrell, Mr Monty Narsoo, Dr Renfrew Christie, Mr Clive Napier, Mrs Janet Dickman, and Mr Douglas Booth. The writers also wish to thank all those people and institutions who kindly provided information, among them academics, members of parliament, trade unionists, government officials, and various organisations and companies. Grateful thanks for their valued assistance are due to the Institute's former librarian, Mr John Morrison, and its current librarians, Mrs Ellen Potter and Mr Abdul Bemath, and their colleagues, Mrs Clara Masoga, Ms Prisca Nkungu, Mrs Eunice Halo, Mr Alfred Nkungu, Mrs Sarah Mohale, and Ms Mildred Francis, who obtained much of the material and supplied the press clipping service for the Survey. The writers also wish to thank Ms Catherine Harrison for checking and coding the chapters for typesetting, and Mrs Naomi Musiker for compiling the index. Grateful thanks also go to Mrs Connie Matthews and Ms Sarah Zwane who, as usual, undertook the onerous task of typing the manuscript. The Institute's thanks are also due to all those who contributed to the costs of compiling and publishing the Survey. They are listed on the back cover. CONTENTS DETAILED CONTENTS ............................................................... ix OVERVIEW .............................................................................. xix POPULATION AND RACE CLASSIFICATION .............................. 1 BUSINESS ............................................................................... 11 THE ECONOMY ....................................................................... 62 GOVERNMENT AND CONSTITUTION ...................................... 81 POLITICAL ORGANISATIONS .................................................. 130 TRANSPORT .............................................................................. 187 SOCIAL SEGREGATION ........................................................... 218' LABOUR RELATIONS .............................................................. 231 SPORT ..................................................................................... 291 RELIGIOUS ORGANISATIONS .................................................. 311 URBANISATION ...................................................................... 331 HOUSING ................................................................................ 349 1986 LEGISLATION ................................................................... 379 PERSONS INDEX ...................................................................... 381 SUBJECT INDEX ...................................................................... 386 INSTITUTE PUBLICATIONS AND MEMBERSHIP ......................... 407 DETAILED CONTENTS OVERVIEW ........................................................................... xix POPULATION AND RACE CLASSIFICATION .............................. 1 Family planning ........................................... 3 Immigration and emigration .................................. 5 Race classification ......................................... 6 The Immorality and Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Acts .................... 8 BUSINESS ............................................................................... 11 Desegregation of trading areas ....................................................... 11 Small business and the informal sector ............................................. 14 Policy and legislation ................................................................ 14 The Small Business Development Corporation ............................... 16 Other developments ................................................................. 18 Hawkers ..................................................................................... 20 Eastern Cape ........................................................................... 20 Cape Peninsula ........................................................................ 20 Transvaal ................................................................................ 21 African business ............................................................................ 22 Policy developments ................................................................ 22 African business development .................................................... 24 Obstacles faced by African businesses .......................................... 27 W hite involvement in African business ......................................... 28 National African Federated Chamber of Commerce and Industry ....... 30 L iquor ................................................................................... 32 African farmers ........................................................................ 33 African consumers ...................................................................... 35 Advertising ............................................................................. 35 Foodstuffs and consumer durables ............................................... 36 Services ................................................................................... 37 Consumer boycotts ...................................................................... 38 Eastern Cape ........................................................................ 38 Transvaal: ............................................................................. 39 Effects of boycotts on sales ..................................................... 40 Employer responses to the boycotts ........................................... 41 State responses to the boycotts .................................................... 41 Decentralisation of industry .......................................................... 42 Policy .................................................................................. .. 42 Deregulation ........................................................................ 45 Statistics ............................................................................... 46 DETAILED CONTENTS General developments ............................................................... 47 Regional developments .............................................................. 48 Region C (Orange Free State/QwaQwa) .................................... 48 Region D