The Christian World around the New Testament Richard Bauckham K Richard Bauckham, The Christian World Around the New Testament Baker Academic, a division of Baker Publishing Group, © 2017. Used by permission. Richard Bauckham, born 1946; 1973 PhD, University of Cambridge, England; 1992–2007 Profes- sor of New Testament Studies, St. Andrews University, Scotland; 1998 elected Fellow of the British Academy; 2002 elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh; 2007–present Emeritus Professor, St. Andrews University, and Senior Scholar, Ridley Hall, Cambridge. © 2017 by Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, Germany. www.mohr.de Paperback edition published in North America in 2017 by Baker Academic a division of Baker Publishing Group PO Box 6287, Grand Rapids, MI 49516-6287 www.bakeracademic.com ISBN 978-0-8010-9891-8 Originally published in 2017 in Tübingen, Germany, by Mohr Siebeck GmbH & C. KG Tübingen as The Christian World around the New Testament: Collected Essays II, Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament 286. Printed in the United States of America All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—for example, electronic, photocopy, recording—without the prior written permission of the publisher. The only exception is brief quotations in printed reviews. Library of Congress Control Number: 2017955399 Richard Bauckham, The Christian World Around the New Testament Baker Academic, a division of Baker Publishing Group, © 2017. Used by permission. Table of Contents List of Abbreviations..................................................................................VII Introduction ............................................................................................... 1 Gospel Audiences .................................................................................... 3 Introduction................................................................................................... 5 1. For Whom Were Gospels Written? ......................................................... 9 2. Is There Patristic Counter-Evidence? A Response to Margaret Mitchell...........................................................41 Gospel Traditions....................................................................................81 Introduction..................................................................................................83 3. The Transmission of the Gospel Traditions............................................87 4. Werner Kelber on Oral Tradition: A Critique.......................................103 5. The Gospel of Mark: Origins and Eyewitnesses ......................................109 6. Luke’s Infancy Narrative as Oral History in Scriptural Form...............131 7. Did Papias Write History or Exegesis?.................................................143 8. The Gospel of John and the Synoptic Problem.....................................165 9. Review Article: Gospel Writing by Francis Watson .............................195 10. Review Article: Seeking the Identity of Jesus.......................................213 Gospels and Canon...............................................................................223 11. The Canonicity of the Four Gospels.....................................................225 Early Christian People.........................................................................239 12. 2 Corinthians 4:6: Paul’s Vision of the Face of Jesus Christ as the Face of God ...............................................................................241 13. Barnabas in Galatians ..........................................................................255 14. The Martyrdom of Peter in Early Christian Literature..........................265 15. James at the Centre ..............................................................................325 16. The Estate of Publius on Malta (Acts 28:7)..........................................337 Richard Bauckham, The Christian World Around the New Testament Baker Academic, a division of Baker Publishing Group, © 2017. Used by permission. VI Table of Contents Early Church ..........................................................................................353 17. The Lord’s Day....................................................................................355 18. Sabbath and Sunday in the Post-Apostolic Church...............................385 19. Kerygmatic Summaries in the Speeches of Acts ..................................435 20. Kingdom and Church according to Jesus and Paul ...............................461 Early Christian Apocryphal Literature ............................................481 21. The Two Fig Tree Parables in the Apocalypse of Peter ........................483 22. Apocryphal Pauline Literature .............................................................503 23. Apocryphal Gospels.............................................................................509 24. The Acts of Paul as a Sequel to Acts....................................................521 25. The Acts of Paul: Replacement of Acts or Sequel to Acts? ..................563 26. Apocryphal and Pseudepigraphal Literature.........................................573 27. Non-canonical Apocalypses and Prophetic Works......................................583 28. Hell in the Latin Vision of Ezra............................................................611 29. Early Christian Apocrypha as Imaginative Literature...........................631 Early Patristics.......................................................................................655 30. The Great Tribulation in the Shepherd of Hermas................................657 31. The Fall of the Angels as the Source of Philosophy in Hermias and Clement of Alexandria ................................................671 Particulars of First Publications and Permissions........................................689 Index of Scriptures and Other Ancient Writings .........................................693 Index of Ancient Persons............................................................................737 Index of Modern Authors ...........................................................................745 Index of Place Names.................................................................................755 Richard Bauckham, The Christian World Around the New Testament Baker Academic, a division of Baker Publishing Group, © 2017. Used by permission. List of Abbreviations AB Anchor Bible ABD The Anchor Bible Dictionary. Ed. by David Noel Freedman. 6 vols. New York: Doubleday, 1992 Aev Aevum: Rassegna de science, storiche, linguistiche, et filologiche AGJU Arbeiten zur Geschichte des antiken Judentums und des Urchristentums AGLB Vetus Latina: Aus der Geschichte der lateinischen Bibel AJP American Journal of Philology AnBib Analecta biblica AnBoll Analecta Bollandiana ANQ Andover Newton Quarterly ANRW Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt: Geschichte und Kultur Roms im Spiegel der neueren Forschung. Ed. by Hildegard Temporini and Wolfgang Haase. Berlin and New York: de Gruyter, 1972ff. Aug Augustinianum AUSS Andrews University Seminary Studies BA Biblical Archaeologist BAC Biblioteca de autores cristianos BASOR Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research BDAG Bauer, Walter, Frederick W. Danker, William F. Arndt, and F. Wilbur Gingrich, Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. 3rd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999 BETL Bibliotheca Ephemeridum Theologicarum Lovaniensium BG 8502 Codex Berolinensis Gnosticus 8502 Bib Biblica BIS Biblical Interpretation Series BJRL Bulletin of the John Rylands Library BJS Brown Judaic Studies BNTC Black’s New Testament Commentaries BSOAS Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies BZ Biblische Zeitschrift BZNW Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly CCSA Corpus Christianorum. Series Apocryphorum CG Cairensis Gnosticus (= Nag Hammadi Library) CGTC Cambridge Greek Testament Commentary CIL Corpus inscriptionum latinarum CNS Cristianesimo nella storia Richard Bauckham, The Christian World Around the New Testament Baker Academic, a division of Baker Publishing Group, © 2017. Used by permission. VIII List of Abbreviations ConBNT Coniectanea neutestamentica/Coniectanea biblica: New Testament Series CPJ Corpus Papyrorum Judaicarum. Ed. by Victor Tcherikover and Alexander Fuks. 3 vols. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1957–64 CQR Church Quarterly Review CurBR Currents in Biblical Research DACL Dictionnaire d’Archéologie Chrétienne et de Liturgie. Ed. by Fernand Cabrol. 15 vols. Paris: Letouzey et Ané, 1907–1953 DBSup Dictionnaire de la Bible: Supplément 1 ff. Ed. by Louis Pirot and André Robert. Paris: Letouzey et Ané, 1928ff. EBib Études bibliques EuroJTh European Journal of Theology ExpTim Expository Times FC Fathers of the Church FGH Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker. Ed. by Felix Jacoby. Leiden: Brill, 1954–64 FKDG Forschungen zur Kirchen- und Dogmengeschichte FoiVie Foi et Vie FRLANT Forschungen zur Religion und Literatur des Alten und Neuen Testaments FS Festschrift GCS Die griechischen christlichen Schriftsteller der ersten (drei) Jahrhunderte GRBS Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies HDR Harvard Dissertations in Religion HeyJ Heythrop Journal HNT Handbuch zum Neuen Testament HSCP Harvard Studies in Classical Philology HTR Harvard Theological Review HTS Harvard Theological