Gateway to Music An Introduction to American Vernacular, Western Art, and World Musical Traditions Jocelyn Nelson Bassim Hamadeh, CEO and Publisher Amy Stone, Acquisitions Editor Berenice Quirino, Associate Production Editor Miguel Macias, Senior Graphic Designer Trey Soto, Licensing Associate Don Kesner, Interior Designer Natalie Piccotti, Senior Marketing Manager Kassie Graves, Director of Acquisitions and Sales Jamie Giganti, Senior Managing Editor Copyright © 2018 by Jocelyn Nelson. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reprinted, reproduced, trans- mitted, or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information retrieval system without the written permission of Cognella, Inc. For inquiries regarding permissions, translations, foreign rights, audio rights, and any other forms of reproduction, please contact the Cognella Licensing Department at [email protected]. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identifi- cation and explanation without intent to infringe. “Appendix: Musical Elements” images courtesy of Bo Newsome and Paul Daniel. Printed in the United States of America. ISBN: 978-1-63487-945-3 (pbk) / 978-1-63487-946-0 (br) Gateway to Music An Introduction to American Vernacular, Western Art, and World Musical Traditions CONTENTS Acknowledgments .................................................................................................. vi Preface ........................................................................................................................ x Special Note to Students on Playlist Options .................................................. xii Unit 1: American Vernacular Music ....................................................1 Introduction to Unit 1 .............................................................................................2 Chapter 1: American Traditional Music ......................................................................7 Vocabulary and Important Figures .......................................................................... 32 Chapter 2: American Music for Stage and Screen ...................................................... 37 Vocabulary and Important Figures .......................................................................... 65 Chapter 3: Jazz ........................................................................................................ 71 Vocabulary and Important Figures .......................................................................... 95 Chapter 4: Modern American Popular Music Part I: Up to 1970 ............................... 101 Vocabulary and Important Figures ........................................................................ 129 Chapter 5: Modern American Popular Music Part II: After 1970 .............................. 133 Vocabulary and Important Figures ........................................................................ 167 Unit 2: Western Art Music ...................................................................... 173 Introduction to Unit 2 ......................................................................................... 174 Chapter 6: Antiquity to 1600 .................................................................................. 179 Vocabulary and Important Figures ........................................................................ 202 Chapter 7: Baroque Music ...................................................................................... 207 Vocabulary and Important Figures ........................................................................ 235 iv v Chapter 8: Classic Era Music .................................................................................. 241 Vocabulary and Important Figures ........................................................................ 265 Chapter 9: Romantic Era Music .............................................................................. 269 Vocabulary and Important Figures ........................................................................ 300 Chapter 10: Modern Art Music ............................................................................... 305 Vocabulary and Important Figures ........................................................................ 334 Unit 3: World Music .................................................................................... 339 Introduction to Unit 3 ......................................................................................... 340 Chapter 11: Music in the Americas ......................................................................... 345 Vocabulary and Important Figures ........................................................................ 373 Chapter 12: Music in Oceania ................................................................................ 377 Vocabulary and Important Figures ....................................................................... 400 Chapter 13: Music in Sub-Saharan Africa ............................................................... 405 Vocabulary and Important Figures ........................................................................ 432 Chapter 14: Music in the Middle East ..................................................................... 437 Vocabulary and Important Figures ........................................................................ 467 Chapter 15: Music in India and Japan ..................................................................... 473 Vocabulary and Important Figures ........................................................................ 489 Appendix: Musical Elements ............................................................................ 492 Appendix: Musical Instruments ...................................................................... 506 Glossary .................................................................................................................. 558 Unit 1 Sources ....................................................................................................... 586 Unit 2 Sources ....................................................................................................... 590 Unit 3 Sources ....................................................................................................... 596 Index ........................................................................................................................ 606 Acknowledgments thank my students at East Carolina University, who inspired this book with their curiosity about music. All of my hardworking I graduate assistants and several former students deserve thanks, especially Sarah Hemminger, Colleen Hussion, Joseph Roenbeck, and Melody Steinbart for their comments and help in regard to this book. I owe special thanks to my colleague Bo Newsome of East Carolina University, who has adopted preliminary editions of this book while teaching the same course as I do and, with the help of Paul Jason Daniel, has clarifi ed important concepts in this text with his illustrations for the musical elements appendix in this fi rst edition. His friendship, construc- tive comments, and collaborative presence continue to benefi t this book and, thus, our students. Additionally, the following peer reviewers and colleagues helped de- velop this book with information and insightful comments: The late George Broussard, East Carolina University Amy Carr-Richardson, East Carolina University Mamadi Corra, East Carolina University vi Acknowledgments | vii Felix Cox, Latham United Methodist Church Harley Dartt, East Carolina University Rai d’Honoré, Occitan Cultural Initiatives Michael Dixon, University of Richmond Miranda Fedock, The City University of New York Michael Fink, University of Texas, San Antonio Randy Gilland, East Carolina University John Given, East Carolina University John Griffiths, Monash University Daniel Guberman, Purdue University Gregory Hurley, East Carolina University Bill C. Malone, Tulane University The late Patrick O’Brien, Lute Society of America and New York Continuo Collective Anna Ochs, Purdue University Mario Rey, East Carolina University Brenda Romero, University of Colorado, Boulder Anthony Seeger, University of California, Los Angeles Mort Stine, East Carolina University Yale Strom, Founder of Hot Pstromi, klezmer scholar-performer Caroline Usher, Duke University and Lute Society of America Lori Wacker, East Carolina University All of these scholars as well as my anonymous peer reviewers have been generous with their time, and I appreciate their expertise. Any mis- takes that still exist in this edition are mine and not theirs. I am indebted to several organizations. The Music Library at East Carolina University has offered me long-standing, almost daily help with research, in particular Head Music Librarian David Hursh and staff mem- bers Judy Barber and Kevin-Andrew Cronin. The Textbook and Academic Author’s Association provides indispensable support to me as it does to all its members; the leaders and presenters of this organization are tireless and inspiring. Since I first joined the Lute Society of America as a gradu- ate student, this organization has always reminded me of the significance of historically informed performance practices and musical style, and of any music’s deep connections to all aspects of culture. These values are embodied especially in