1616 Rhode Island Avenue NW Washington, DC 20036 202-887-0200 | www.csis.org Lanham • Boulder • New York • London 4501 Forbes Boulevard Lanham, MD 20706 301- 459- 3366 | www.rowman.com NORTH KOREAN HUMAN RIGHTS THE ROAD AH EAD EDITORS Victor Cha Marie DuMond A Conference Report of the CSIS Korea Chair ISBN 978-1-4422-4092-6 Ë|xHSLEOCy240926z v*:+:!:+:! May 2015 Blank North Korean Human Rights The Road Ahead EDITORS Victor Cha Marie DuMond A Conference Report of the CSIS K orea Chair May 2015 Lanham • Boulder • New York • London 594-61558_ch00_3P.indd 1 5/28/15 7:47 AM hn hk io il sy SY ek eh About CSIS hn hk io il sy SY ek eh For over 50 years, the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) has worked hn hk io il sy SY ek eh to develop solutions to the world’s greatest policy challenges. Today, CSIS scholars are hn hk io il sy SY ek eh providing strategic insights and bipartisan policy solutions to help decisionmakers chart hn hk io il sy SY ek eh a course toward a better world. hn hk io il sy SY ek eh CSIS is a nonprofit or ga ni za tion headquartered in Washington, D.C. The Center’s 220 full- time staff and large network of affiliated scholars conduct research and analy sis and develop policy initiatives that look into the future and anticipate change. Founded at the height of the Cold War by David M. Abshire and Admiral Arleigh Burke, CSIS was dedicated to finding ways to sustain American prominence and prosperity as a force for good in the world. Since 1962, CSIS has become one of the world’s preeminent international institutions focused on defense and security; regional stability; and transnational challenges ranging from energy and climate to global health and economic integration. Former U.S. senator Sam Nunn has chaired the CSIS Board of Trustees since 1999. Former deputy secretary of defense John J. Hamre became the Center’s president and chief executive officer in 2000. CSIS does not take specific policy positions; accordingly, all views expressed herein should be understood to be solely those of the author(s). © 2015 by the Center for Strategic and International Studies. All rights reserved. ISBN: 978-1-4422-4092-6 (pb); 978-1-4422-4093-3 (eBook) Center for Strategic & International Studies Rowman & Littlefield 1616 Rhode Island Ave nue, NW 4501 Forbes Boulevard Washington, DC 20036 Lanham, MD 2 0706 202-887-0200 | www . csis . org 301 - 459 - 3366 | www . rowman . com 594-61558_ch00_3P.indd 2 5/28/15 7:47 AM Contents A c k n o w l e d g m e n t s v i Executive Summary vii Victor Cha, Se nior Adviser and Korea Chair, CSIS; and Director of Asian Studies, Georgetown University 1. Opening Ceremony 1 Greetings 1 Victor Cha, Se nior Adviser and Korea Chair, CSIS; and Director of Asian Studies, Georgetown University 1 Welcoming Remarks 1 Jung- Hoon Lee, Ambassador for H uman Rights, Republic of K orea; and Director, Yonsei Center for Human Liberty 1 Amanda Schnetzer, Director, Human Freedom, George W. Bush Institute 1 Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director, Committee for Human Rights in North K orea 2 2. Introductory Remarks 4 Kurt Campbell, Chairman and CEO, The Asia Group; and former U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs 3. Keynote Address 7 Marzuki Darusman, UN Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in the DPRK; and Member, United Nations Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in North K orea 4. UN COI Report in Perspective 10 Chair: Victor Cha, Se nior Adviser and Korea Chair, CSIS; and Director of Asian Studies, Georgetown University 10 Overview: Michael Kirby, Chair, United Nations Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in North K orea; and former Justice of the Australian High Court 10 Sonja Biserko, President, Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia; and Member, United Nations Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in North Korea 13 Robert King, Special Envoy for North Korean H uman Rights Issues, U.S. Department of State 15 Jung- Hoon Lee, Ambassador for Human Rights, Republic of Korea; and Director, Yonsei Center for Human Liberty 16 | III 594-61558_ch00_3P.indd 3 5/28/15 7:47 AM hn hk io il sy SY ek eh 5. What Is the Road Ahead? 18 hn hk io il sy SY ek eh Chair: Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director, Committee for Human Rights in North Korea 18 hn hk io il sy SY ek eh Jung- hyun Cho, Assistant Professor, K orea National Diplomatic Academy 18 hn hk io il sy SY ek eh John Sifton, Asia Advocacy Director, Human Rights Watch 20 hn hk io il sy SY ek eh Roberta Cohen, Cochair of the Board, Committee for Human Rights hn hk io il sy SY ek eh in North Korea 24 Lindsay Lloyd, Program Director, Freedom Collection, George W. Bush Institute 27 6. Luncheon Keynote Address 29 Carl Gershman, President, National Endowment for Democracy; and Board Member, Committee for Human Rights in North K orea 7. Luncheon Keynote Address 32 Moon Soo Kim, Chairman of the Saenuri Party’s Po liti cal Reform Committee; and former Governor of Gyeonggi Province 8. Award Pre sen ta tion and Congratulatory Remarks 35 Roberta Cohen, Cochair of the Board, Committee for Human Rights in North Korea Award Ac cep tance Remarks 36 Michael Kirby, Chair, United Nations Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in North Korea; and former Justice of the Australian High Court 36 Marzuki Darusman, UN Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in the DPRK; and Member, United Nations Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in North K orea 37 Sonja Biserko, President, Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia; and Member, United Nations Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in North Korea 38 9. Testimonies: DPRK ­Human Rights violations in Focus 39 Chair: Melanie Kirkpatrick, Se nior Fellow, Hudson Institute; and Author of escape from North Korea: The Untold Story of Asia’s Underground Railroad 39 Testimonies 39 Gwang Il Jung, Representative, Association of North Korean Po liti cal Victims and their Families 39 Soon Shil Lee, Honorary Ambassador, the World Peace Freedom United Foundation 41 DPRK ­Human Rights violations in Focus 43 Joseph Bermudez Jr., Cofounder and Chief Analytics Officer, AllSource Analy sis; and Se nior Adviser, Committee for Human Rights in North K orea 43 Blaine Harden, Journalist; and Author of escape from Camp 14: One Man’s Remarkable Odyssey from North Korea to Freedom in the West 46 David Hawk, Author of The Hidden Gulag; and Se nior Adviser, Committee for Human Rights in North K orea 48 Ki Hong Han, President, NKnet 49 Iv | Victor ChA and marie dumond 594-61558_ch00_3P.indd 4 5/28/15 7:47 AM 10. The Politics of North Korean ­Human Rights 51 Chair: Victor Cha, Se nior Adviser and Korea Chair, CSIS; and Director of Asian Studies, Georgetown University 51 Michael Green, Se nior Vice President for Asia and Japan Chair, CSIS; and Associate Professor, Georgetown University 51 Gap-je Cho, Author; and former Editor in Chief, Monthly Chosun 52 Tae Hyo Kim, former Se nior Secretary to the President for National Security; and Professor of International Relations, Sungkyunkwan University 55 John Sifton, Asia Advocacy Director, Human Rights Watch 57 11. Concluding Remarks and Adjournment 59 Victor Cha, Se nior Adviser and Korea Chair, CSIS; and Director of Asian Studies, Georgetown University Appendix 1: Conference Agenda 60 Appendix 2: Participant Biographies 63 N ORTh KOReAN ­Human RIghTS | v 594-61558_ch00_3P.indd 5 5/28/15 7:47 AM hn hk io il sy SY ek eh hn hk io il sy SY ek eh hn hk io il sy SY ek eh hn hk io il sy SY ek eh hn hk io il sy SY ek eh Ac know ledg ments hn hk io il sy SY ek eh his volume is a report of the results and findings from the international conference T “North Korean ­Human Rights: The Road Ahead; Commemorating the One- Year Anni- versary of the UN Commission of Inquiry Report” held on February 17, 2015, at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) in Washington, D.C. The conference was or ga nized by CSIS, the Committee for ­Human Rights in North Korea (hRNK), the george W. Bush Institute, and the Yonsei Center for ­Human Liberty. This report is made possi ble by the generous support of the Yonsei Center for H uman Liberty. The editors would like to thank K orea Chair intern Mia gregory for her research assistance on this pro ject. vi | 594-61558_ch00_3P.indd 6 5/28/15 7:47 AM Executive Summary Victor Cha, Senior Adviser and Korean Chair, CSIS; and Director of Asian Studies, Georgetown University North Korean ­Human Rights: The Road Ahead It was about the worst possi ble day that one could have thought to hold a conference. Wash- ington, D.C. was challenged by one of the worst snowstorms in recent memory. Schools were shut down. The federal government was shut down. Even CSIS, the venue for our confer- ence, was shut down. The organizers of the conference, however, thought this gathering of p eople from all over the world to commemorate the day was too im por tant to let slip. On February 17, CSIS, the george W. Bush Institute, the Yonsei Center for ­Human Lib- erty, and the Committee for ­Human Rights in North K orea (hRNK) held a public meeting, “North Korean ­Human Rights: The Road Ahead.” The purpose of the conference was to take stock, on the one- year anniversary of the UN Commission of Inquiry Report (COI), of the pro- gress on improving the h uman condition in North Korea over the past year, as well as to bring all the major stakeholders together to discuss what would be the next steps in the campaign in 2015.