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Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Review Wild ungulates in Jordan: past, present, and forthcoming opportunities Ehab Eid & David Mallon 26 August 2021 | Vol. 13 | No. 9 | Pages: 19338–19351 DOI: 10.11609/jot.6811.13.9.19338-19351 For Focus, Scope, Aims, and Policies, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/aims_scope For Artcle Submission Guidelines, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/policies_various For reprints, contact <[email protected]> The opinions expressed by the authors do not refect the views of the Journal of Threatened Taxa, Wildlife Informaton Liaison Development Society, Zoo Outreach Organizaton, or any of the partners. The journal, the publisher, the host, and the part- Publisher & Host ners are not responsible for the accuracy of the politcal boundaries shown in the maps by the authors. Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 August 2021 | 13(9): 19338–19351 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) OPEN ACCESS ا ﻟ ﺪ ر ا ﺳ تﺎ ﯾﺮﺛﻷا ﺔ ﺮﯿﻓﺎﺣﻷاو ا ﻟ ﻲﺘ ﻢﺗ ا ﻟ ﻌ ﺜ رﻮ ﻠﻋ ﺎﮭﯿ و ﻲھ ا ﻟ ﺒ ﺮﻘ ا ﻟ ﻲﺸﺣﻮ (Addax nasomaculatus ) و ا ﻷ ر ﺺﺧ (Bos primigenius6811.13.9.19338-19351 ) و ﻞﯾﻷا ا ﺣﻷ ﻤ ﺮ .htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot (Cervus elaphus ) ﺎﻤﻨﯿﺑ ا ﻧ ﻘ ﺮ ﺖﺿ ﺛﻼﺛ ﺔ أ ﻮﻧ عا أ ﺧ ىﺮ ﻦﻣ ا ﻟ ﯾﺮﺒ ﺔ و ﻲھ ﻞﯾﻷا ا ﺳﻷ ﻤ ﺮ ا ﻟ ﻔ ﺎ ﻲﺳر (Dama mesopotamica ) و ا ﻟ ﮭﻤ ﺎ ا ﻟ ﻲﺑﺮﻌ ( Oryx Leucoryx ) و ا ﻟ ﻤﺤ ﺎ ر ا ﻟ ﺒ يﺮ ا ﻟ ﺴ ﻮ ير (29Equus July 2021 hemionus hemippus ) ﯾو ﺘ ﻮ ﺪﺟا accepted ﺎﯿﻟﺎﺣ ً Finally ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ | 2021 ﻦﻣJuly ا ﻟ 23 ﻤﺤ ﺎ ر ا ﻟ ﺒ received يﺮ ا ﻟ Final ﻔ ﺎ | ﻲﺳر 2020 ﻲﻓ ﻤﺤﻣ ﯿ October ﺔ 15 ﺷ ﻮ ﻣ يﺮ ﻟ ﯿﺤﻠ Received | ﺎ ة #6811 ا ﻟ ﯾﺮﺒ ﺔ (E. h. hemionus) ﻤﻛ ﺎ ﯾو ﻢﺘ إ د ةرا ﻌﻄﻗ ﺎ ن ﻦﻣ ا ﻟ ﮭﻤ ﺎ ا ﻟ ﻲﺑﺮﻌ ﻲﻓ تﺎﺠﯿﺴﻣ ﻤﺿ ﻦ ﻦﯿﺘﯿﻤﺤﻣ ﻦﯿﺘﯿﻌﯿﺒط ﻲﻓ ا رﻷ د ن . ءﺎﻨﺜﺘﺳﺎﺑ ا ﺮﯾﺰﻨﺨﻟ ا ﻟ ﺒ يﺮ ( REVIEWSus scrofa ) ا ﻟ يﺬ ﺘﻌﯾ ﺮﺒ ا ﻟ ﻨ عﻮ ا ﻟ ﺣﻮ ﯿ ﺪ ا ﺎﺸﻟ ﻊﺋ ﻓ نﺈ ﺎﻣ ﺗ ﺒ ﻰﻘ ﻦﻣ ﻮﻧﻷا عا دﺪﮭﻣ ة ﺑ ﺎ ﻻ ﻧ ﻘ ﺮ ضا ﻮﻛ ﻧ ﮭ ﺎ ﺗ ﺘ ﻌ ضﺮ ﻟ ﻠ ﺪﻌ ﯾ ﺪ ﻦﻣ ا ﻟ ﻐﻀ ﻮ ط و ﻲھ ﺰﻏ ا ل ا ﻞﺒﺠﻟ ا ﻟ ﻔ ﻠ ﻄﺴ ﯿ ﻨ ﻲ (Gazella gazella ) و ﻞﯾﻷا ا ﺮﻤﺳﻷ (Capreolus capreolus ) و ا ﻟ ﺰﻐ ا ل ا ﻟ ﻲﺑﺮﻌ (Gazella marica ) ﺰﻏو ا ل د و ر ﻛ سﺎ (Gazella dorcas ) و ا ﻟ ﻲﺘ ﻨﺻ ﺖﻔ ﺄﻛ عاﻮﻧ دﺪﮭﻣ ة ﺑ ﻞﻜﺸ جﺮﺣopportunites و ا ﻟ ﻞﻋﻮ ا ﻟ ﻨ ﻮ ﻲﺑ وأ ا نﺪﺒﻟ Capra nubiana and) forthcoming ) ا,present ﻟ ﻨﺼﻤ ﻒ ﻛ ﻨ ,past عﻮ دﺪﮭﻣ ﺑ ﺎ ﻻ ﻧ ﻘ :Jordan ﺮ ضا in . ﻗ ﺪ ﺖﻣ ﺬھ ه ا ﻟ ﻗرﻮ ﺔ ungulates ا ﺔﯿﻤﻠﻌﻟ ﺮﻣWild ا ﺔﻌﺟ ﺗ ﯿﺼﻔ ﻠ ﯿ ﺔ ﻟ ﻠ ﻊﺿﻮ ا ﻟ ﺘ ﺎ ر ﯾ ﻲﺨ و ا ﺎﺤﻟ ﻲﻟ ﻮﻧﻷ عا ذ و تا ا ﻟ ﻮﺤ ا ﻓ ﺮ ا ﻟ ﯾﺮﺒ ﺔ ﻲﻓ ا رﻷ د ن ﻊﻣ ﺗ ﺒ ﯿ نﺎ ا ﻟ ﺘ ﮭ ﺪ ﯾ ﺪ تا ا ﻟ ﻲﺘ ﻂﯿﺤﺗ ﻢﮭﺑ ﺗو ﺪ ا ﺑ ﺮﯿ ا ﻟ ﻤﺤ ﺎ ﯾ ﺔ ا ﻟ ﻤ ةﺮﻓﻮﺘ ﻢﺗو ﻢﯾﺪﻘﺗ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻟا ﺘ ﺻﻮ ﯿ ﺎ ت دﻺﻟ ا ر ة و ا ﻟ ﻤﺤ ﺎ ﯾ ﺔ ﻲﻓ ا ﻟ ﺴﻤ ﺘ ﻘ ﺒ ﻞ . Ehab Eid 1 & David Mallon 2 1 Eco-Values for Sustainable Development, Luti Queder Street, Yadodah 11610, Amman, Jordan. ا ﻟ ﺨ ﺻﻼ ﺔ : ﻢﺗ ﺗ ﺠﺴ ﯿ ﻞ 12 ﻧ عﻮ .UK ﻦﻣ وذ,5GD تا M1 ا ﻟ ﻮﺤ ا ﻓ ﺮ ا ﻟ ﯾﺮﺒ ﺔ Manchester ﻲﻓ ا رﻷ د ن ﺗ,University ﻤﻀ ﻨ ﺖ ﺛﻼﺛ ﺔ أ عاﻮﻧ Metropolitan ﻖﺛو ﺗ ﻮ ھﺪﺟا ﺎ ﻦﻣManchester لﻼﺧ ا ﻟ ﺪ ر ,Sciences ا ﺳ تﺎ ﯾﺮﺛﻷاNatural ﺔ of و ا ﺣﻷ ﺎ ﻓ ﯿ ﺮ ا ﻟ ﻲﺘ Department ﻢﺗ 2 ا ﻟ ﻌ ﺜ رﻮ ﻠﻋ ﮭﯿ ﺎ و ﻲھ ا ﻟ ﺒ ﺮﻘ ا ﻟ ﻮ ﻲﺸﺣ (Addax nasomaculatus ) و ا ﻷ ر ﺺﺧ (Bos 2 [email protected] ) و ﻞﯾﻷا ,(author ا ﺣﻷ ﻤ ﺮ (Cervus elaphus (corresponding ) ﺎﻤﻨﯿﺑ ا ﻧ ﻘ ﺮ [email protected] ﺖﺿ 1 ﺛﻼﺛ ﺔ أ عاﻮﻧ أ ﺧ ىﺮ ﻦﻣ ا ﻟ ﯾﺮﺒ ﺔ و ﻲھ ﻞﯾﻷا ا ﺳﻷ ﻤ ﺮ ا ﻟ ﻔ ﺎ ﻲﺳر (Dama mesopotamica ) و ا ﻟ ﮭﻤ ﺎ ا ﻟ ﻲﺑﺮﻌ (Oryx Leucoryx ) و ا ﻟ ﻤﺤ ﺎ ر ا ﻟ ﺒ يﺮ ا ﻟ ﺴ ﻮ ير (Equus hemionus hemippus ) ﯾو ﺘ ﻮ ﺪﺟا ﺎﯿﻟﺎﺣ ً ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻦﻣ ا ﻟ ﻤﺤ ﺎ ر ا ﻟ ﺒ يﺮ ا ﻟ ﻔ ﺎ ﻲﺳر ﻲﻓ ﻤﺤﻣ ﯿ ﺔ ﺷ ﻮ ﻣ يﺮ ﻟ ﯿﺤﻠ ﺎ ة ا ﻟ ﯾﺮﺒ ﺔ (E. h. hemionus) ﻤﻛ ﺎ ﯾو ﻢﺘ إ د ةرا ﻌﻄﻗ ﺎ ن ﻦﻣ ا ﻟ ﮭﻤ ﺎ ا ﻟ ﻲﺑﺮﻌ ﻲﻓ ﺴﻣ ﯿ ﺠ تﺎ ﻤﺿ ﻦ ﻦﯿﺘﯿﻤﺤﻣ ﻦﯿﺘﯿﻌﯿﺒط ﻲﻓ ا رﻷ د ن . ءﺎﻨﺜﺘﺳﺎﺑ ا ﺮﯾﺰﻨﺨﻟ ا ﻟ ﺒ يﺮ (Sus scrofa ) ا ﻟ يﺬ ﺘﻌﯾ ﺮﺒ ا ﻟ ﻨ عﻮ ا ﻟ ﺣﻮ ﯿ ﺪ ا ﺎﺸﻟ ﻊﺋ ﻓ نﺈ ﺎﻣ ﺗ ﺒ ﻰﻘ ﻦﻣ ﻮﻧﻷا عا دﺪﮭﻣ ة ﺑ ﺎ ﻻ ﻧ ﻘ ﺮ ضا ﻮﻛ ﻧ ﮭ ﺎ ﺗ ﺘ ﻌ ضﺮ ﻟ ﻠ ﺪﻌ ﯾ ﺪ ﻦﻣ ا ﻟ ﻐﻀ ﻮ ط و ﻲھ ﺰﻏ ا ل ا ﻞﺒﺠﻟ ا ﻟ ﻔ ﻠ ﻄﺴ ﯿ ﻨ ﻲ (Gazella (Addax), gazella Bos primigenius ) و ﻞﯾﻷا ا ﺳﻷ ﻤ ﺮ Capreolus Three of these, capreolus Addax) nasomaculatus ) و ا ﻟ ﺰﻐ .Jordan ا ل in ا ﻟ ﺮﻌ wild ﻲﺑ (are ( Gazella reported marica from the ﺰﻏو ا ل د و ر ungulates ﻛ سﺎ Gazella Twelve dorcas species) of ) و ا ﻟ ﻲﺘ :Abstract ﻨﺻ ﺖﻔ Fallow ﻛ ﺄ عاﻮﻧ دﺪﮭﻣ ة ﺑ ﻞﻜﺸ Mesopotamian) جﺮﺣ و ا ﻟ ﻞﻋﻮ ا ﻟ ﻨ ﻮ mesopotamica ﻲﺑ وأ ا نﺪﺒﻟ Capra nubianaexcavatons.) Dama ) ا ﻟ ﺼﻤ ﻨ archaeological ﻒ ﻛ ﻨ عﻮ from دﺪﮭﻣonly ﺑ ﺎ ﻻ ﻧ ﻘ ﺮ known ضا .are ﻗ ﺪ ﺖﻣ (Deer ﺬھ ه ا ﻟ Red) ﻗرﻮ ﺔ ا ﺔﯿﻤﻠﻌﻟ elaphus ﺮﻣ ا ﻌﺟ Cervus ﺔ ﺗ ﯿﺼﻔ and ﻠ ﯿ ﺔ ﻟ ﻠ ﻊﺿﻮ ,(Aurochs) ا ﻟ ﺘ ﺎ ر ﯾ -semi ﻲﺨ A و ا ﺎﺤﻟ ﻲﻟ .wild ﻮﻧﻷthe عا in ذ و تا ا ﻟ ﻮﺤ ا extrpated ﻓ ﺮ ا ﻟ ﯾﺮﺒ ﺔ ﻲﻓregionally ا رﻷ د been ن ﻊﻣ نﺎﯿﺒﺗhave ا ﻟ (Ass ﺘ ﮭ ﺪ ﯾ ﺪ تا Wild ا ﻟ ﻲﺘ ﻂﯿﺤﺗSyrian) ﻢﮭﺑ ﺗو ﺪ ا hemippus ﺑ ﺮﯿ ا ﻟ ﻤﺤ ﺎ ﯾ ﺔ ا ﻟ hemionus ﻤ ةﺮﻓﻮﺘ Equus ﻢﺗو ﻢﯾﺪﻘﺗand ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ(Oryx ﻦﻣ ﻟاArabian) ﺘ ﺻﻮ ﯿ ﺎ ت ﻟleucoryx دﻺ ا ر ة Oryx و ا ﻟ ﻤﺤ ﺎ ﯾ ﺔ ,(Deer ﻲﻓ ا ﻟ ﺴﻤ -semi ﺘ ﻘ in ﺒ ﻞ . captve populaton of Persian Onager (E. h. hemionus) is held in Shumari Wildlife Reserve. The Arabian Oryx is also managed captve conditons in two reserves. Except the commonly occurring Wild Boar (Sus scrofa), other surviving ungulate species contnue to be under serious threat. Gazella gazella (Palestnian Mountain Gazelle), Capreolus capreolus (European Roe Deer), Gazella marica (Arabian ا ﻟ ﺨ ﺻﻼ ﺔ : .region ﻢﺗ ﺗ ﺠﺴ the ﯿ ﻞ in 12 ﻧ عﻮ ﻦﻣ ذ و تا Endangered ا ﻟ is ﻮﺤ ا ﻓ ﺮ ا ﻟ ﺔﯾﺮﺒ (Ibex ﻲﻓ ا رﻷ د Nubian) ن ﺗ ﻤﻀ ﻨ ﺖ ﺛﻼﺛnubiana ﺔ أ عاﻮﻧ Capra و ﻖﺛ ﺗand ﻮ ھﺪﺟا ﺎ ﻦﻣ لﻼﺧ ا ﻟ رﺪ ,Endangered ا ﺳ تﺎ ﯾﺮﺛﻷا ﺔ Critcally و ا ﺣﻷ are ﺎ ﻓ ﯿ ﺮ ا ﻟ ﻲﺘ ﻢﺗ(Gazelle ا ﻟ ﻌ ﺜ رﻮ ﻠﻋ ﺎﮭﯿ Dorcas) و ﻲھ ا ﻟ ﺒ ﺮﻘ dorcas ا ﻟ ﻲﺸﺣﻮ (Sand( Addax Gazelle), nasomaculatus and Gazella ) و ا ﻷ ر ﺺﺧ (Bos primigenius ) و ﻞﯾﻷا ا ﺣﻷ ﻤ ﺮ (Cervus elaphus ) ﺎﻤﻨﯿﺑ ا ﻧ ﻘ ﺮ ﺖﺿ ﺛﻼﺛ ﺔ أ عاﻮﻧ أ ىﺮﺧ ﻦﻣ ا ﻟ ﺔﯾﺮﺒ و ﻲھ ﻞﯾﻷا ا ﺳﻷ ﻤ ﺮ ا ﻟ ﻔ ﺎ ﻲﺳر (Dama mesopotamica ) و ا ﻟ ﮭﻤ ﺎ ا ﻟ ﺮﻌ ﻲﺑ (Oryx Leucoryx ) ) و ا ﻟ ﻤﺤ ﺎ ر ا ﻟ ﺒ يﺮ measures ا ﻟ ﺴ ﻮ ير (the( Equus threats hemionus and hemippus conservaton ﯾو ﺘ ﻮ ﺪﺟا listng ﺎﯿﻟﺎﺣ ً ﻤﺠﻣ ﺔﻋﻮ ,Jordan ﻦﻣin ا ﻟ ﻤﺤ ﺎ ر ا ﻟ ﺒ يﺮ ا ﻟ ungulates ﻔ ﺎ ﻲﺳر wild ﻲﻓ of ﻤﺤﻣ ﯿ ﺔ ﺷ ﻮ status ﻣ يﺮ ﻟ ﯿﺤﻠ ﺎ ة ا ﻟ current ﯾﺮﺒ ﺔ (the (E.