Court File No. 38734 SUPREME COURT OF CANADA (ON APPEAL FROM THE COURT OF APPEAL FOR BRITISH COLUMBIA) BETWEEN: HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN Appellant AND: RICHARD LEE DESAUTEL Respondent OKANAGAN NATION ALLIANCE, THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF ONTARIO, THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF CANADA, THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE YUKON TERRITORY, THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF QUÉBEC, THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF SASKATCHEWAN, THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF NEW BRUNSWICK, THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF ALBERTA, PESKOTOMUHKATI NATION, INDIGENOUS BAR ASSOCIATION IN CANADA, WHITECAP DAKOTA FIRST NATION, GRAND COUNCIL OF THE CREES (EEYOU ISTCHEE AND CREE NATION GOVERNMENT, MOHAWK COUNCIL OF KAHNAWÀ:KE, ASSEMBLY OF FIRST NATIONS, MÉTIS NATIONAL COUNCIL AND MANITOBA METIS FEDERATION INC., NUCHATLAHT FIRST NATION, CONGRESS OF ABORIGINAL PEOPLES and LUMMI NATION Interveners FACTUM OF THE INTERVENER, THE CONGRESS OF ABORIGINAL PEOPLES Pursuant to R.42 of the Rules of the Supreme Court of Canada Paliare Roland Rosenberg Rothstein LLP Gowling WLG (Canada) LLP 155 Wellington Street West, 35th Floor 160 Elgin Street, Suite 2600 Toronto, ON Ottawa, ON M5V 3H1 K1P 1C3 Andrew Lokan (LSUC#31629Q) Matthew Estabrooks Tel.: 416.646.4324 Tel.: 613.786.0211 Fax: 416.646.4301 Fax: 613.788.3573 email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Glynnis Hawe (LSO #72578Q) Ottawa Agent for Counsel for the Proposed Tel.: 416.646.6309 Intervener, Congress of Aboriginal Peoples email: [email protected] Fax: 416.646.4301 Counsel for the Proposed Intervener, Congress of Aboriginal Peoples TO: The Registrar, Supreme Court of Canada Counsel Agent AND Attorney General of British Borden Ladner Gervais LLP TO: Columbia 1300-100 Queen Street Legal Services Branch Ottawa, ON 1405 Douglas Street, 3rd Floor K1P 1J9 Victoria, BC V8W 2G2 Glen R. Thompson Karen Perron Tel.: 250.387.0417 Tel.: (613) 369-4795 Fax: 250.387.0343 Fax: (613) 230-8842 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Counsel for Her Majesty the Agent for Counsel for Her Majesty the Queen Queen AND Arvay Finlay LLP Gowling WLG (Canada) LLP TO: 1512 - 808 Nelson Street 160 Elgin Street, Suite 2600 Box 12149, Nelson Square Ottawa, ON Vancouver, BC K1P 1C3 V6Z 2H2 Jeffrey W. Beedell Mark G. Underhill Tel.: 613.786.0171 Tel.: 604.696.9828 Fax: 613.788.3587 Fax: 888.575.3281 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Counsel for Richard Lee Desautel Agent for Counsel for Richard Lee Desautel AND Attorney General of Ontario Borden Ladner Gervais LLP TO: 720 Bay Street 1300-100 Queen Street 8th Floor Ottawa, ON Toronto, ON K1P 1J9 M7A 2S9 Manizeh Fancy Karen Perron Kisha Chatterjee Tel.: 613.369.4795 Tel.: 416.578.3637 Fax: 613.230.8842 Fax: 416.326.4181 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Attorney General Agent for Counsel for the Attorney of Ontario General of Ontario AND Department of Justice Canada Department of Justice TO: Aboriginal Law Section 50 O'Connor Street 900 - 840 Howe Street Suite 500 Vancouver, BC Ottawa, ON V6Z 2S9 K1A 0H8 Brett Marleau Christopher Rupar Tel.: 604.666.8524 Tel.: 613.670.6290 Fax: 604.666.2710 Fax: 613.954.1920 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Attorney General Agent for Counsel for the Attorney of Canada General of Canada AND Ministère de la Justice Noël & Associés TO: 1200, route de l'Église 111, rue Champlain 4e étage Gatineau, QC Québec, QC J8X 3R1 G1V 4M1 Tania Clercq Pierre Landry Tel.: 418.643.1744 Tel.: 819.503.2178 Fax: 418.644.7030 Fax: 819.771.5397 Email: Email: [email protected] [email protected] Counsel for the Attorney General Agent for Counsel for the Attorney of Quebec General of Quebec AND Attorney General of the Yukon Supreme Advocacy LLP TO: Territory 100- 340 Gilmour Street Legal Services Branch, Government Ottawa, ON of Yukon K2P 0R3 2130 - 2nd Avenue Whitehorse, YT Y1A 5H6 Elaine Cairns Marie-France Major Kate Mercier Tel.: 613.695.8855 Ext: 102 Tel.: 867.456.5586 Fax: 613.695.8580 Fax: 867.393-6928 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Attorney General Agent for Counsel for the Attorney of the Yukon Territory General of the Yukon Territory AND Attorney General for Gowling WLG (Canada) LLP TO: Saskatchewan 160 Elgin Street Constitutional Law Branch, 8th Floor Suite 2600 820, 1874 Scarth St. Ottawa, ON Regina, SK K1P 1C3 S4P 4B3 Richard James Fyfe D. Lynne Watt Tel.: 306.787.7886 Tel.: 613.786.8695 Fax: 306.787.9111 Fax: 613.788.3509 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Attorney General Agent for Counsel for the Attorney of Saskatchewan General of Saskatchewan AND Attorney General of New Gowling WLG (Canada) LLP TO: Brunswick 160 Elgin Street P.O. Box 6000, Stn. A Suite 2600 675 King Street, Suite 2018 Ottawa, ON Fredericton, NB K1P 1C3 E3B 5H1 Rachelle Standing D. Lynne Watt Rose Campbell Tel.: 613.786.8695 Tel.: 506.453.2222 Fax: 613.788.3509 FAX: 506.453.3275 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Attorney General Agent for Counsel for the Attorney of New Brunswick General of New Brunswick AND Attorney General of Alberta Gowling WLG (Canada) LLP TO: 10th Floor 160 Elgin Street 10025 - 102A Avenue Suite 2600 Edmonton, AB Ottawa, ON T5J 2Z2 K1P 1C3 Angela Edgington D. Lynne Watt Tel.: 780.427.1482 Tel.: 613.786.8695 Fax: 780.643.0852 Fax: 613.788.3509 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Attorney General Agent for Counsel for the Attorney of Alberta General of Alberta AND Mandell Pinder LLP Goldblatt Partners LLP TO: Suite 422 - 1080 Mainland Street 500-30 Metcalfe St. Vancouver, BC Ottawa, ON V6B 2T4 K1P 5L4 Rosanne Kyle Colleen Bauman Crystal Reeves Tel.: 613.482.2463 Tel.: 604.681.4146 Fax: 613.235.3041 Fax: 604.681.0959 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Okanagan Nation Agent for Counsel for the Okanagan Alliance Nation Alliance AND Attorney General of Ontario Borden Ladner Gervais LLP TO: 720 Bay Street World Exchange Plaza 8th Floor 100 Queen Street, suite 1300 Toronto, ON Ottawa, ON M7A 2S9 K1P 1J9 Manizeh Fancy Nadia Effendi Kisha Chatterjee Tel.: 613.787.3562 Tel.: 416.578.3637 Fax: 613.230.8842 Fax: 416.326.4181 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Attorney General Agent for Counsel for the Attorney of Ontario General of Ontario AND Paul Williams Westaway Law Group TO: P.O. Box 91 55 Murray Street Grand River Territory Suite 230 Ohsweken, ON Ottawa, ON N0A 1M0 K1N 5M3 Tel.: 905.506.1755 Geneviève Boulay Email: [email protected] Tel.: 613.702.3042 Fax: 613.722.9097 Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Peskotomuhkati Agent for Counsel for the Nation Peskotomuhkati Nation AND First Peoples Law Goldblatt Partners LLP TO: 55 East Cordova Street 500-30 Metcalfe St. Suite 502 Ottawa, ON Vancouver, BC K1P 5L4 V6A 0A5 Colleen Bauman Bruce McIvor Tel.: 613.482.2463 Kate Gunn Fax: 613.235.3041 Tel.: 604.685.4240 Email: [email protected] Fax: 604.283.9349 Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Indigenous Bar Agent for Counsel for the Indigenous Association in Canada Bar Association in Canada AND Gowling WLG (Canada) LLP Gowling WLG (Canada) LLP TO: 550 Burrard Street 160 Elgin Street Suite 2300 Suite 2600 Vancouver, BC Ottawa, ON V6C 2B5 K1P 1C3 Maxime Faille Guy Régimbald Keith Brown Tel.: 613.786.0197 Tel.: 604.891.2733 Fax: 613.563.9869 Fax: .604.443.6784 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Whitecap Dakota Agent for Counsel for the Whitecap First Nation Dakota First Nation AND Goldblatt Partners LLP Goldblatt Partners LLP TO: 20 Dundas Street West 30 Metcalfe Street Suite 1100 Suite 500 Toronto, ON Ottawa, ON M5G 2G8 K1P 5L4 Jessica Orkin Darryl Korell Kim Stanton Tel.: 613.482.2467 Tel.: 416.979.4381 Fax: 613.235.3041 Fax: 416.591.7333 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Grand Council of Agent for Counsel for the Grand Council the Crees (Eeyou Istchee) and of the Crees (Eeyou Istchee) and Cree Cree Nation Government Nation Government AND Mohawk Council of Kahnawà:ke Power Law TO: P.O. Box 720 130 Albert Street Mohawk Territory of Kahnawà:ke, Suite 1103 PQ J0L 1B0 Ottawa, ON K1P 5G4 Francis Walsh Stacey Douglas Maxine Vincelette Tel.: 450.632.7500 Tel.: 613.702.5560 Fax: 450.638.3663 Fax: 613.702.5560 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Mohawk Council Agent for Mohawk Council of of Kahanawà:ke Kahnawà:ke AND Assembly of First Nations Supreme Law Group TO: 55 Metcalfe Street, Suite 1600 900 - 275 Slater Street Ottawa, ON Ottawa, ON K1P 6L5 K1P 5H9 Stuart Wuttke Moira Dillon Julie McGregor Tel.: 613.691.1224 Tel.: 613.241.6789 Ext: 228 Fax: 613.691.1338 Fax: 613.241.5808 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Assembly of First Agent for the Assembly of First Nations Nations AND Hodgson-Smith Law Juristes Power TO: 311 - 21st Street East 130, rue Albert Saskatoon, SK bureau 1103 S7K 0C1 Ottawa, ON K1P 5G4 Kathy L. Hodgson-Smith Tel.: 306.955.0588 Darius Bossé Fax: 306.955.0590 Tel.: 613.702.5566 Email: [email protected] Fax: 613.702.5566 Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Métis National Agent for Counsel for the Métis National Council and Manitoba Metis Council and Manitoba Metis Federation Federation Inc.